packfile: fix perf regression with many packs

Since 589127c (packfile: move list of packs into the packfile
store, 2025-10-30), there is a performance regression when many
packfiles need to be loaded: `packfile_store_add_pack()` now calls
`packfile_list_remove_internal()` to detect whether the packfile was
_already_ in the list, if if so, move it to the end of the list. This
function linearly scans the existing list before every insertion. Newly
loading N packs therefore has complexity O(N²).

In one reported use case (microsoft#970),
N equals 37,815 and caused a slow-down of a simple `git rev-parse
--short HEAD` (which is regularly executed as part of `GIT_PS1`) from
0.4s to 4.5s. In another, heavily exercised CI scenario, clone times
increased from under 2 minutes to over half an hour.

Let's fix this by establishing a fast path for known-new packfiles.

The keen reader will note that there is currently only a single,
"known-new" caller of the `packfile_list_append()` function, and wonder
why not simply remove this check whether the packfile already exists in
the list? Originally, when above-mentioned commit introduced that logic,
there was a second caller in `prepare_midx()`, which would have required
that check, but that caller was removed in 6aff1f2 (packfile:
always add packfiles to MRU when adding a pack, 2025-10-30). Still, the
function is declared in a header file, and to avoid any problems with
in-flight or downstream callers, it is safer to extend the signature to
be explicit whether or not to skip that check.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

Author: dscho

packfile.c

@@ -103,11 +103,12 @@ void packfile_list_prepend(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack)
 		list->tail = entry;
 }
 
-void packfile_list_append(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack)
+void packfile_list_append(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack,
+			  int is_new)
 {
 	struct packfile_list_entry *entry;
 
-	entry = packfile_list_remove_internal(list, pack);
+	entry = is_new ? NULL : packfile_list_remove_internal(list, pack);
 	if (!entry) {
 		entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
 		entry->pack = pack;
@@ -860,7 +861,7 @@ void packfile_store_add_pack(struct packfile_store *store,
 	if (pack->pack_fd != -1)
 		pack_open_fds++;
 
-	packfile_list_append(&store->packs, pack);
+	packfile_list_append(&store->packs, pack, 1);
 	strmap_put(&store->packs_by_path, pack->pack_name, pack);
 }
 

packfile.h

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ struct packfile_list_entry {
 void packfile_list_clear(struct packfile_list *list);
 void packfile_list_remove(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack);
 void packfile_list_prepend(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack);
-void packfile_list_append(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack);
+void packfile_list_append(struct packfile_list *list, struct packed_git *pack, int is_new);
 
 /*
  * Find the pack within the "packs" list whose index contains the object

t/perf/p5303-many-packs.sh

@@ -141,4 +141,8 @@ test_perf "load 10,000 packs" '
 	git rev-parse --verify "HEAD^{commit}"
 '
 
+test_perf "abbreviate with 10,000 packs" '
+	git rev-parse --short HEAD
+'
+
 test_done