diff --git a/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs b/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs
index a5a597c0d..c135460ca 100644
--- a/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs
+++ b/crates/devtools/src/bin/stage_pipeline.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // cargo run -p asap-devtools --bin stage_pipeline -- \
-//     --example planner-layering-1 --max-candidates 128 --out planner-layering-example1.json
+//     --example planner-layering-1 --max-candidates 160 --out planner-layering-example1.json
 // (also planner-layering-2: #509 Example 2, three SQL statistics over
 // `flows`; planner-layering-3a and planner-layering-3b: Example 3, Patterns A
 // and B; planner-layering-4a: Example 4, Pattern A repeated monthly;
diff --git a/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs b/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs
index d9cf26b75..64d671be0 100644
--- a/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs
+++ b/crates/devtools/tests/stage_pipeline.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 
 const COMMITTED: &str = "../../tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json";
 
-/// Every Example 1 logical candidate (88) is displayed; the default cap is 64.
-const EXAMPLE1: [&str; 4] = ["--example", "planner-layering-1", "--max-candidates", "128"];
+/// Every Example 1 plan (136, from 88 logical candidates) is displayed; the
+/// default cap is 64.
+const EXAMPLE1: [&str; 4] = ["--example", "planner-layering-1", "--max-candidates", "160"];
 
 fn generate(args: &[&str]) -> Value {
     // Tests run in parallel and may generate the same document.
@@ -88,9 +89,10 @@ fn example1_document_is_valid_and_committed_fixture_is_current() {
         .iter()
         .map(|p| p["from_logical"].as_str().unwrap())
         .collect();
-    // One all-query-time candidate per logical one, plus one with Q2's sum
-    // panes at ingestion time for each of the 24 with panes.
-    assert_eq!(physical.len(), candidates.len() + 24);
+    // One all-query-time candidate per logical one, plus, for each of the
+    // 24 with panes, one with Q2's sum panes at ingestion time and one with
+    // them kept at query time.
+    assert_eq!(physical.len(), candidates.len() + 48);
     assert_eq!(sources, ids);
     for candidate in physical {
         assert!(candidate.get("cost").is_none(), "Stage 2 has no cost");
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/hydra_cms_execution.rs b/crates/executor/tests/hydra_cms_execution.rs
index 4548cac0c..5b5777d21 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/hydra_cms_execution.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/hydra_cms_execution.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ fn node(id: usize, payload: Payload, output: Schema) -> PhysicalASAPDAGNode {
         id,
         payload,
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: output,
         guarantee: None,
     }
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/physical_dag.rs b/crates/executor/tests/physical_dag.rs
index 93b19a5fc..7a19ed1c9 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/physical_dag.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/physical_dag.rs
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ fn bind_post_asap_before_execution() {
         id,
         payload,
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: (*schema).clone(),
         guarantee: None,
     };
@@ -646,6 +647,7 @@ fn source_batches_must_match_the_bound_schema() {
                 schema: (*expected).clone(),
             }),
             output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+            kept: false,
             output_schema: (*expected).clone(),
             guarantee: None,
         }],
@@ -725,6 +727,7 @@ fn planner_semijoin_sort_limit_contract_at_both_phases() {
         payload,
         output_schema: (**schema).clone(),
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         guarantee: None,
     };
     let edge =
@@ -1187,6 +1190,7 @@ fn grouped_temporal_schema_compiles_and_executes_topk() {
         id,
         payload: PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload::NonASAP(operation),
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: (*input).clone(),
         guarantee: None,
     };
@@ -1274,6 +1278,7 @@ fn certified_pruning_rejects_missing_authoritative_values_after_recovery() {
             id: 2,
             output_schema: (*schema).clone(),
             output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+            kept: false,
             guarantee: None,
             payload: PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload::NonASAP(planner_types::ir::NonASAPOp::Join {
                 kind: JoinKind::Semi,
@@ -1389,6 +1394,7 @@ fn compiled_ingestion_binary_preserves_alignment_and_rejects_missing_updates() {
         id: 2,
         output_schema: (*input).clone(),
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         guarantee: None,
         payload: PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload::NonASAP(planner_types::ir::NonASAPOp::BinaryOp {
             operator: BinaryOperator {
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/physical_semantics.rs b/crates/executor/tests/physical_semantics.rs
index 8ff1a399a..6731df8a8 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/physical_semantics.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/physical_semantics.rs
@@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ fn global_extrema_bind_with_planner_derived_schema() {
                 child: 0,
             }),
             output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+            kept: false,
             output_schema: (*output).clone(),
             guarantee: None,
         };
@@ -768,6 +769,7 @@ fn exact_frequency_intents_execute_typed_keys_and_empty_input() {
                     having: None,
                 }),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+                kept: false,
                 output_schema: (*schema(&[(name, DataType::Float64, false)])).clone(),
                 guarantee: None,
             };
@@ -853,6 +855,7 @@ fn exact_cardinality_binds_and_executes_typed_tuples() {
                 having: None,
             }),
             output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+            kept: false,
             output_schema: (*schema(&[("distinct", DataType::Int64, false)])).clone(),
             guarantee: None,
         };
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/precompute_population.rs b/crates/executor/tests/precompute_population.rs
index b0b78c041..0a4d399cb 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/precompute_population.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/precompute_population.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ fn finalized_shared_panes_rebuild_one_global_summary_after_recovery() {
                     children: vec![],
                 }),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY,
+                kept: false,
                 output_schema: state_schema.clone(),
                 guarantee: None,
             },
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ fn finalized_shared_panes_rebuild_one_global_summary_after_recovery() {
                     child: 0,
                 }),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_ROWS,
+                kept: false,
                 output_schema: value_schema.clone(),
                 guarantee: None,
             },
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ fn finalized_shared_panes_rebuild_one_global_summary_after_recovery() {
                     },
                 ),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_ROWS,
+                kept: false,
                 output_schema: value_schema.clone(),
                 guarantee: None,
             },
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ fn finalized_shared_panes_rebuild_one_global_summary_after_recovery() {
                     child: 2,
                 }),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY,
+                kept: false,
                 output_schema: state_schema.clone(),
                 guarantee: None,
             },
@@ -256,6 +260,7 @@ fn state_dag(
         id: 0,
         payload: PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryMerge { children: vec![] }),
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: logical_schema(family.clone()),
         guarantee: None,
     }];
@@ -273,6 +278,7 @@ fn state_dag(
             child: read_id - 1,
         }),
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: logical_schema(FieldDataType::Plain(DataType::Float64)),
         guarantee: None,
     });
@@ -288,6 +294,7 @@ fn state_dag(
                 child: read_id,
             }),
             output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY,
+            kept: false,
             output_schema: logical_schema(target),
             guarantee: None,
         });
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/promql_binary.rs b/crates/executor/tests/promql_binary.rs
index 88e8e322f..b60d28e38 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/promql_binary.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/promql_binary.rs
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ fn program_for_bool(operator: BinaryOperator, return_bool: bool) -> CompiledPhys
             rhs: 1,
         }),
         output_state: ExecutionDataState::QUERY_ROWS,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: (*schema).clone(),
         guarantee: None,
     };
@@ -393,6 +394,7 @@ fn stored_series_evaluations_support_filters_and_sets() {
                                 },
                             ),
                         },
+                        kept: false,
                         output_state: if id < 2 {
                             ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY
                         } else {
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/raw_scan.rs b/crates/executor/tests/raw_scan.rs
index 136d56513..81017d3cb 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/raw_scan.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/raw_scan.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ fn plan(
         id,
         payload,
         output_state: state,
+        kept: false,
         output_schema: (**schema).clone(),
         guarantee: None,
     };
diff --git a/crates/executor/tests/summary_projection.rs b/crates/executor/tests/summary_projection.rs
index be59b1cfd..7c0aa872c 100644
--- a/crates/executor/tests/summary_projection.rs
+++ b/crates/executor/tests/summary_projection.rs
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ fn post_asap_summary_projection_survives_recovery() {
                 }),
                 output_schema: (*schema).clone(),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY,
+                kept: false,
                 guarantee: None,
             },
             PhysicalASAPDAGNode {
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ fn post_asap_summary_projection_survives_recovery() {
                 }),
                 output_schema: output.clone(),
                 output_state: ExecutionDataState::INGESTION_SUMMARY,
+                kept: false,
                 guarantee: None,
             },
         ],
diff --git a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_common/mod.rs b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_common/mod.rs
index 2be8e2bde..bc2908efb 100644
--- a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_common/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_common/mod.rs
@@ -210,10 +210,9 @@ pub fn run_promql(workload: &PlanningWorkload) -> Run {
 }
 
 /// Whether `form` answers a query window by merging several summaries.
-pub fn needs_merge(form: WindowForm, query_window_ms: u64) -> bool {
+pub fn needs_merge(form: WindowForm) -> bool {
     match form {
         WindowForm::None => false,
-        WindowForm::Sliding { length_ms, .. } => length_ms < query_window_ms,
         WindowForm::Tumbling { .. } | WindowForm::ExponentialHistogram { .. } => true,
     }
 }
@@ -701,8 +700,6 @@ pub fn lookback_ms(workload: &PlanningWorkload, query: usize) -> u64 {
 pub enum WindowForm {
     /// Rebuilt from the query window's raw samples (no window summary).
     None,
-    /// Windows of `length_ms` starting every `slide_ms`.
-    Sliding { length_ms: u64, slide_ms: u64 },
     /// Back-to-back windows of `length_ms`.
     Tumbling { length_ms: u64 },
     /// EH buckets covering `horizon_ms` of history.
@@ -712,8 +709,8 @@ pub enum WindowForm {
 /// A build merged by a `SummaryMerge` is a tumbling pane, of the width its
 /// `TimeRange` input reads (#580: pane `i` is `TimeRange(w)` over
 /// `TimeShift(i·w)` over the scan); any other build is rebuilt from its
-/// query window. Sliding windows and Exponential Histograms are not planned
-/// yet.
+/// query window. Exponential Histograms are not planned yet; a sliding form
+/// is superseded by tumbling panes (Q63).
 pub fn window_form(dag: &impl ExportedDag, build: PhysicalASAPNodeId) -> WindowForm {
     let merged = dag
         .consumers(build)
@@ -750,13 +747,14 @@ pub enum Materialization {
     NotMaterialized,
 }
 
-/// Stage 2 runs a node at ingestion time or at query time, recomputed at
-/// each evaluation; it does not keep query-time output yet (Example 4 B3),
-/// so `QueryTimeKept` does not occur.
+/// Stage 2 runs a node at ingestion time or at query time; a query-time
+/// node is recomputed at each evaluation unless the export marks it kept
+/// across evaluations (Example 4 B3).
 pub fn materialization(p: &Physical, node: PhysicalASAPNodeId) -> Materialization {
     let n = p.dag.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.id == node).expect("node");
     match n.output_state.timing {
         ExecutionTiming::IngestionTime => Materialization::IngestionTime,
+        ExecutionTiming::QueryTime if n.kept => Materialization::QueryTimeKept,
         ExecutionTiming::QueryTime => Materialization::NotMaterialized,
     }
 }
@@ -766,10 +764,12 @@ pub fn materialization(p: &Physical, node: PhysicalASAPNodeId) -> Materializatio
 /// (`stage3-cost-model.md`): ingestion-time work read at query time through
 /// a merge of `N` panes of width `w` keeps `(N + 1) · w`; read directly, the
 /// window being built and the completed one, `2 · window`. Taken over every
-/// query-time reader the node's ingestion-time work feeds. `None` for a
-/// query-time node.
+/// query-time reader the node's ingestion-time work feeds. A kept pane of a
+/// merge of `N` panes of width `w` stays until the window no longer covers
+/// it: `N · w`, the newest pane built from raw data and `N − 1` kept. `None`
+/// for a node recomputed at each evaluation.
 pub fn retention_ms(p: &Physical, node: PhysicalASAPNodeId) -> Option<u64> {
-    if !runs_at_ingestion(p, node) {
+    if materialization(p, node) == Materialization::NotMaterialized {
         return None;
     }
     // The longest raw range an ingestion-time node reads.
@@ -785,6 +785,20 @@ pub fn retention_ms(p: &Physical, node: PhysicalASAPNodeId) -> Option<u64> {
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(0)
     };
+    if materialization(p, node) == Materialization::QueryTimeKept {
+        return p
+            .dag
+            .consumers(node)
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|&c| {
+                matches!(
+                    p.dag.payload(c),
+                    Operator::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryMerge { .. })
+                )
+            })
+            .map(|merge| p.dag.producers(merge).len() as u64 * window(node))
+            .max();
+    }
     let mut kept = 0;
     let mut stack = vec![node];
     let mut seen = HashSet::new();
diff --git a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example1.rs b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example1.rs
index ddbc5c5fe..abdcf4b5b 100644
--- a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example1.rs
+++ b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example1.rs
@@ -833,22 +833,25 @@ fn stage1_candidates_are_valid_and_uniquely_named() {
 /// No candidate is discarded before Stage 3: each of the 88 logical
 /// candidates keeps its all-query-time physical candidate, and the 24 whose
 /// Q2 sum comes in 10-s panes also get one with the panes at ingestion time
-/// (the panels repeat predictably over arriving data): 112.
+/// (the panels repeat predictably over arriving data) and one with the panes
+/// kept at query time (B3): 136.
 #[test]
 fn stage2_keeps_every_logical_candidate() {
     let (_, logical, physical) = pipeline();
-    assert_eq!(physical.len(), 112);
-    let maintained: Vec<_> = physical
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|p| !p.stage2.materialization.is_empty())
-        .collect();
-    assert_eq!(maintained.len(), 24);
-    for p in maintained {
-        assert_eq!(
-            p.stage2.materialization,
-            "ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
-        );
-    }
+    assert_eq!(physical.len(), 136);
+    let materialized: BTreeMap<_, usize> =
+        physical.iter().fold(BTreeMap::new(), |mut counts, p| {
+            *counts.entry(p.stage2.materialization.as_str()).or_default() += 1;
+            counts
+        });
+    assert_eq!(
+        materialized,
+        BTreeMap::from([
+            ("", 88),
+            ("ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes", 24),
+            ("query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes", 24),
+        ])
+    );
     let sources: BTreeSet<_> = physical.iter().map(|p| p.from_logical.as_str()).collect();
     let logical_ids: BTreeSet<_> = logical.iter().map(|c| c.id.as_str()).collect();
     assert_eq!(sources, logical_ids);
@@ -865,7 +868,7 @@ fn stage2_preserves_logical_choices() {
     for p in &physical {
         let source = logical.iter().find(|c| c.id == p.from_logical).unwrap();
         let (option, shared) = classify(&source.dag, &source.query_roots);
-        let maintained = !p.stage2.materialization.is_empty();
+        let maintained = p.stage2.materialization.starts_with("ingestion time");
         assert_eq!(
             classify(&p.dag, &p.query_roots),
             (option, shared && !maintained),
@@ -884,8 +887,8 @@ fn stage2_exact_topk_is_sort_then_limit() {
         .iter()
         .filter(|p| classify(&p.dag, &p.query_roots).0 == Q2Option::Exact)
         .collect();
-    // 24 logical, 8 of which also maintain Q2's sum panes.
-    assert_eq!(exact.len(), 32);
+    // 24 logical, 8 of which also maintain Q2's sum panes and 8 keep them.
+    assert_eq!(exact.len(), 40);
     for p in exact {
         let sort_then_limit = p.dag.edges.iter().any(|e| {
             relational(payload(&p.dag, e.producer)).as_deref() == Some("sort")
@@ -946,7 +949,7 @@ fn stage2_summary_topk_is_build_then_estimate() {
 fn stage2_only_maintained_panes_run_at_ingestion_time() {
     let (_, _, physical) = pipeline();
     for p in &physical {
-        let maintained = !p.stage2.materialization.is_empty();
+        let maintained = p.stage2.materialization.starts_with("ingestion time");
         let mut panes = 0;
         for n in &p.dag.nodes {
             if !runs_at_ingestion(p, n.id) {
@@ -1023,18 +1026,26 @@ fn compile_in_runtime(p: &PhysicalCandidate) -> Result<(), String> {
 /// The physical planner compiles every candidate Stage 3 finds valid, and
 /// rejects the invalid ones (Count-Min over weights not proven non-negative)
 /// for the same reason Stage 3 gives. A candidate over Q2's 100 ms latency
-/// bound compiles; the bound is Stage 3's alone. Returns the number of
-/// candidates invalid for their weights.
+/// bound compiles; the bound is Stage 3's alone. One keeping panes at query
+/// time is rejected first for the executor's capability (Q56) and not
+/// compared. Returns the number of candidates invalid for their weights.
 fn assert_runtime_agrees_with_stage3(workload: PlanningWorkload) -> usize {
     let (workload, _, physical) = pipeline_for(workload);
     let selection = stage3_select(&workload, &physical, executor_models());
     let invalid: BTreeMap<_, _> = selection
         .rejected
         .iter()
-        .filter(|r| !r.valid && !r.reason.contains("latency bound"))
+        .filter(|r| {
+            !r.valid
+                && !r.reason.contains("latency bound")
+                && !r.reason.contains("query time, kept")
+        })
         .map(|r| (r.id.as_str(), r.reason.as_str()))
         .collect();
-    for p in &physical {
+    for p in physical
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|p| p.dag.nodes.iter().all(|n| !n.kept))
+    {
         let compiled = compile_in_runtime(p);
         match invalid.get(p.id.as_str()) {
             None => compiled.unwrap(),
@@ -1113,9 +1124,10 @@ fn stage3_selected_plan_compiles_in_the_physical_planner() {
 
 /// Deployment inputs (C2, added by the implementer): the reference
 /// executor's exported capabilities reject no candidate its physical planner
-/// compiles, and planning with them selects what the unrestricted default
-/// does, at the same costs (Example 1 needs nothing the executor lacks, and
-/// both keep raw data, so no raw retention is priced).
+/// compiles but those keeping panes at query time (B3), which it compiles as
+/// recomputed at each evaluation but cannot keep (Q56). Planning with them
+/// selects what the unrestricted default does, at the same costs for every
+/// other candidate (both keep raw data, so no raw retention is priced).
 #[test]
 fn executor_capabilities_accept_every_compiled_candidate_and_keep_the_selection() {
     let (workload, _, physical) = pipeline();
@@ -1126,7 +1138,14 @@ fn executor_capabilities_accept_every_compiled_candidate_and_keep_the_selection(
         if compile_in_runtime(p).is_ok() {
             compiled += 1;
             if let Some(r) = executor.rejected.iter().find(|r| r.id == p.id) {
-                assert!(!r.reason.contains("deployment"), "{}: {}", p.id, r.reason);
+                let kept = p.dag.nodes.iter().any(|n| n.kept);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    r.reason.contains("deployment"),
+                    kept,
+                    "{}: {}",
+                    p.id,
+                    r.reason
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1138,7 +1157,9 @@ fn executor_capabilities_accept_every_compiled_candidate_and_keep_the_selection(
             .map(|(id, c)| (id.clone(), c.total))
             .collect()
     };
-    assert_eq!(totals(&executor), totals(&default));
+    let mut default_totals = totals(&default);
+    default_totals.retain(|id, _| executor.costs.contains_key(id));
+    assert_eq!(totals(&executor), default_totals);
 }
 
 // ── Stage 3 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -1205,7 +1226,8 @@ fn stage3_rejects_candidates_over_the_latency_bound() {
                 family: FieldDataType::Sketch(kind, _), ..
             }) if *kind.algorithm() == SketchAlgorithm::CountSketchWithHeap)
         });
-        if count_sketch {
+        // A kept candidate is rejected first for the executor's capability.
+        if count_sketch && !p.dag.nodes.iter().any(|n| n.kept) {
             assert!(over.contains(p.id.as_str()), "{}", p.id);
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example3.rs b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example3.rs
index 92cf7df80..42aaed822 100644
--- a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example3.rs
+++ b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example3.rs
@@ -327,53 +327,13 @@ fn stage1_b_pass1_offers_exact_and_kll() {
 
 // ── Pattern B: window composition ────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// Each Pass 1 option gets three window forms: none, a 5-min sliding window with a 1-min slide, and 1-min tumbling windows.
-#[test]
-#[ignore = "needs Pass 2 window composition (#580): sliding windows; the tumbling part passes in stage1_b_window_composition_adds_tumbling_per_option"]
-fn stage1_b_window_composition_adds_sliding_and_tumbling_per_option() {
-    let run = run_b();
-    let summaries: BTreeSet<_> = options(&run, 0)
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter(|o| o != "exact")
-        .collect();
-    let found: BTreeSet<_> = run
-        .logical
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(windowed_builds)
-        .map(|(_, a, f, _)| (format!("{a:?}"), f))
-        .collect();
-    let forms = [
-        WindowForm::None,
-        WindowForm::Sliding {
-            length_ms: PATTERN_B_WINDOW_MS,
-            slide_ms: PATTERN_B_INTERVAL_MS,
-        },
-        WindowForm::Tumbling {
-            length_ms: PATTERN_B_INTERVAL_MS,
-        },
-    ];
-    for option in &summaries {
-        for form in forms {
-            assert!(found.contains(&(option.clone(), form)), "{option} {form:?}");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Window parameters are legal: L divides W, s divides L and the evaluation interval, a tumbling length divides both.
+/// Window parameters are legal: a tumbling length divides the window and the evaluation interval.
 #[test]
 fn stage1_b_window_parameters_are_legal() {
     let (w, every) = (PATTERN_B_WINDOW_MS, PATTERN_B_INTERVAL_MS);
     for c in &run_b().logical {
         for (_, _, form, _) in windowed_builds(c) {
             match form {
-                WindowForm::Sliding {
-                    length_ms,
-                    slide_ms,
-                } => {
-                    assert_eq!(w % length_ms, 0, "{}: L | W", c.id);
-                    assert_eq!(length_ms % slide_ms, 0, "{}: s | L", c.id);
-                    assert_eq!(every % slide_ms, 0, "{}: s | interval", c.id);
-                }
                 WindowForm::Tumbling { length_ms } => {
                     assert_eq!(w % length_ms, 0, "{}: length | W", c.id);
                     assert_eq!(every % length_ms, 0, "{}: length | interval", c.id);
@@ -387,47 +347,13 @@ fn stage1_b_window_parameters_are_legal() {
     }
 }
 
-/// A sliding window with L = W reads one completed window (no merge); tumbling windows merge W / length of them.
-#[test]
-#[ignore = "needs Pass 2 window composition (#580): sliding windows (the form without a merge); tumbling merges pass in stage1_b_tumbling_merges_five_panes_before_the_estimate"]
-fn stage1_b_merge_only_where_the_window_form_needs_it() {
-    let run = run_b();
-    let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
-    for c in &run.logical {
-        for (build, _, form, _) in windowed_builds(c) {
-            let merged = estimates_of(&c.dag, build).iter().any(|(e, _)| {
-                c.dag.producers(*e).into_iter().any(|p| {
-                    matches!(
-                        c.dag.payload(p),
-                        Operator::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryMerge { .. })
-                    )
-                })
-            });
-            assert_eq!(
-                merged,
-                needs_merge(form, PATTERN_B_WINDOW_MS),
-                "{}: {form:?}",
-                c.id
-            );
-            if form != WindowForm::None {
-                seen.insert(merged);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    assert_eq!(
-        seen,
-        BTreeSet::from([false, true]),
-        "both a sliding and a tumbling candidate"
-    );
-}
-
 /// A window form that merges is used only with a summary whose states merge (KLL, DDSketch).
 #[test]
 fn stage1_window_merges_use_mergeable_summaries() {
-    for (run, window) in [(run_a(), 5 * YEAR_MS), (run_b(), PATTERN_B_WINDOW_MS)] {
+    for run in [run_a(), run_b()] {
         for c in &run.logical {
             for (_, algorithm, form, _) in windowed_builds(c) {
-                if needs_merge(form, window) {
+                if needs_merge(form) {
                     assert!(
                         matches!(algorithm, SketchAlgorithm::Kll | SketchAlgorithm::DDSketch),
                         "{}: {algorithm:?} {form:?}",
@@ -557,7 +483,8 @@ fn stage3_b_selects_cheapest_valid() {
 /// finds no tumbling candidate inaccurate. Rebuilding all five panes at
 /// every evaluation takes 310 ms of query-time work, over the 200 ms latency
 /// bound (S6); with the panes maintained at ingestion time, only the merge
-/// and the estimate remain and the candidate is valid and priced.
+/// and the estimate remain and the candidate is valid and priced. Panes
+/// kept at query time (B3) need a capability the executor lacks.
 #[test]
 fn stage3_b_tumbling_candidates_are_valid() {
     let run = run_b();
@@ -574,6 +501,14 @@ fn stage3_b_tumbling_candidates_are_valid() {
         }
         tumbling += 1;
         match p.stage2.materialization.as_str() {
+            m if m.starts_with("query time, kept") => assert!(
+                invalid
+                    .get(p.id.as_str())
+                    .is_some_and(|r| r.contains("cannot keep query-time state")),
+                "{}: {:?}",
+                p.id,
+                invalid.get(p.id.as_str())
+            ),
             "" => assert!(
                 invalid
                     .get(p.id.as_str())
@@ -593,7 +528,7 @@ fn stage3_b_tumbling_candidates_are_valid() {
             }
         }
     }
-    assert_eq!(tumbling, 4);
+    assert_eq!(tumbling, 6);
 }
 
 // ── Pattern B: runtime ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example4.rs b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example4.rs
index 7758c4d1f..fec554794 100644
--- a/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example4.rs
+++ b/crates/integration-tests/tests/planner_layering_example4.rs
@@ -104,13 +104,6 @@ fn tumbling() -> Option<WindowForm> {
     })
 }
 
-fn sliding() -> Option<WindowForm> {
-    Some(WindowForm::Sliding {
-        length_ms: PATTERN_B_WINDOW_MS,
-        slide_ms: PATTERN_B_INTERVAL_MS,
-    })
-}
-
 fn cost(run: &Run, id: &str) -> f64 {
     run.cost(id).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{id} is not priced"))
 }
@@ -261,7 +254,6 @@ fn stage3_a_monthly_amortizes_ingestion_time_maintenance() {
 
 /// The 1-min tumbling KLL candidate yields B1 (ingestion time), B2 (not materialized) and B3 (query time, kept).
 #[test]
-#[ignore = "needs Stage 2 query time, kept (B3); B1 and B2 alone pass in stage2_b_tumbling_kll_has_b1_and_b2"]
 fn stage2_b_tumbling_kll_has_three_materialization_options() {
     let found: BTreeSet<_> = options_of(&run_promql(&pattern_b()), tumbling(), 1)
         .into_keys()
@@ -272,17 +264,6 @@ fn stage2_b_tumbling_kll_has_three_materialization_options() {
     );
 }
 
-/// B1 (ingestion time) and B2 (not materialized) are generated for the
-/// tumbling KLL; B3 is not yet (added by the implementer, not part of the
-/// spec).
-#[test]
-fn stage2_b_tumbling_kll_has_b1_and_b2() {
-    let found: BTreeSet<_> = options_of(&run_promql(&pattern_b()), tumbling(), 1)
-        .into_keys()
-        .collect();
-    assert_eq!(found, BTreeSet::from([IngestionTime, NotMaterialized]));
-}
-
 /// B1 builds the tumbling KLLs at ingestion time and merges and estimates at query time.
 #[test]
 fn stage2_b_b1_builds_at_ingestion_and_merges_at_query_time() {
@@ -310,7 +291,6 @@ fn stage2_b_b1_builds_at_ingestion_and_merges_at_query_time() {
 
 /// B3 runs nothing at ingestion time; it keeps the tumbling KLLs it builds at query time.
 #[test]
-#[ignore = "needs Stage 2 query time, kept (B3)"]
 fn stage2_b_b3_keeps_query_time_windows() {
     let run = run_promql(&pattern_b());
     let (id, _) = options_of(&run, tumbling(), 1)[&QueryTimeKept].clone();
@@ -319,16 +299,29 @@ fn stage2_b_b3_keeps_query_time_windows() {
         p.dag.nodes.iter().all(|n| !runs_at_ingestion(p, n.id)),
         "{id}"
     );
+    let kept: Vec<_> = p.dag.nodes.iter().filter(|n| n.kept).collect();
+    assert_eq!(kept.len(), 5, "{id}: the five panes are kept");
+    for n in kept {
+        assert_eq!(
+            window_form(&p.dag, n.id),
+            WindowForm::Tumbling {
+                length_ms: PATTERN_B_INTERVAL_MS
+            }
+        );
+    }
 }
 
-/// The sliding-window KLL is kept from ingestion time or from query time; not materializing it is the no-window plan.
+/// The executor cannot keep query-time state (Q56), so Stage 3 rejects B3
+/// on its capabilities, with the reason.
 #[test]
-#[ignore = "needs Pass 2 window composition (#580): sliding windows"]
-fn stage2_b_sliding_kll_has_two_materialization_options() {
-    let found: BTreeSet<_> = options_of(&run_promql(&pattern_b()), sliding(), 1)
-        .into_keys()
-        .collect();
-    assert_eq!(found, BTreeSet::from([IngestionTime, QueryTimeKept]));
+fn stage3_b_executor_rejects_b3() {
+    let run = run_promql(&pattern_b());
+    let (id, _) = options_of(&run, tumbling(), 1)[&QueryTimeKept].clone();
+    let reason = run.invalid()[id.as_str()];
+    assert!(
+        reason.contains("cannot keep query-time state across evaluations"),
+        "{id}: {reason}"
+    );
 }
 
 // Which of B1 and B2 is cheaper depends on the workload and the deployment,
@@ -434,3 +427,42 @@ fn stage3_b_panes_smaller_than_their_raw_data_win() {
     );
     assert_eq!(run.selection.selected, options[&IngestionTime].0);
 }
+
+// B3 (query time, kept) builds only the newest pane at each evaluation, from
+// one pane width of raw data, and keeps the N − 1 older panes. Per
+// evaluation it does what B1 does at ingestion time, so the choice is about
+// retention (Q59): B3 keeps N − 1 panes and one pane of raw data, B1 keeps
+// N + 1 panes, B2 keeps all N panes' raw data. Sampled every 7.5 s, a 10-min
+// pane covers 80 samples per series (1280 bytes), a little more than its KLL
+// (1024 bytes): B3 keeps less than either.
+
+/// Plans `workload` on the executor without raw data retention, but able to
+/// keep query-time state across evaluations.
+fn run_keeping_query_time_state(workload: &PlanningWorkload) -> Run {
+    let capabilities = DeploymentCapabilities {
+        raw_data_retained: false,
+        query_time_retention: true,
+        ..asap_executor::capabilities()
+    };
+    let models = PlanningModels::builtin().with_capabilities(&capabilities);
+    run_stages_with(workload, lower_promql(workload), models)
+}
+
+/// On a deployment that can keep query-time state, B3 is priced, and where
+/// a pane's raw data is a little larger than its KLL it keeps the least, so
+/// the planner selects it.
+#[test]
+fn stage3_b_kept_panes_win_when_the_deployment_can_keep_them() {
+    let run = run_keeping_query_time_state(&pattern_b_variant(1_000, 7_500, 60, 10));
+    let options = options_of(
+        &run,
+        Some(WindowForm::Tumbling {
+            length_ms: 10 * MINUTE_MS,
+        }),
+        1,
+    );
+    let b3 = cost(&run, &options[&QueryTimeKept].0);
+    let (b1, b2) = b1_b2(&run, 10);
+    assert!(b3 < b1 && b3 < b2, "B3 {b3} vs B1 {b1}, B2 {b2}");
+    assert_eq!(run.selection.selected, options[&QueryTimeKept].0);
+}
diff --git a/crates/physical-optimizer/src/implementation/physical_candidates.rs b/crates/physical-optimizer/src/implementation/physical_candidates.rs
index 4e1f8fa2e..2118f1286 100644
--- a/crates/physical-optimizer/src/implementation/physical_candidates.rs
+++ b/crates/physical-optimizer/src/implementation/physical_candidates.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! #509 Stage 2: physical operator implementation of one logical candidate,
 //! and its materialization choices ([`crate::materialization`]). Each
-//! logical candidate yields one physical candidate per down-closed set of
-//! ingestion-time summaries, all query time first.
+//! logical candidate yields one physical candidate per choice of
+//! ingestion-time (down-closed) and kept summaries, all query time first.
 //!
 //! The runtime has one implementation per logical operator except exact
 //! top-k, which it cannot run as `Aggregate{[TopK]}`. Stage 2 records that
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //! per-group limit, the shape the PromQL frontend uses for generic `topk`.
 //! A summary needs no rewrite: `SummaryAgg` → `SummaryEstimate` already is
 //! build → estimate.
-use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use asap_types::ir::operator::{AggIntent, Reduction};
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use asap_types::ir::{
 use asap_types::workload::{DataWorkload, RootDemand};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::materialization::{MaterializationSpace, MAX_PHYSICAL_PER_LOGICAL};
+use crate::materialization::{Choice, Choices, MaterializationSpace, MAX_PHYSICAL_PER_LOGICAL};
 
 /// One Stage 2 candidate, derived from exactly one Stage 1 candidate.
 /// `roots` are the timed operator roots (one per query, in workload order)
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ pub struct PhysicalCandidate {
     pub id: String,
     pub from_logical: String,
     pub label: String,
-    /// Which summaries run at ingestion time, e.g. "ingestion time: Kll ×5
-    /// panes"; empty when everything runs at query time.
+    /// Which summaries run at ingestion time or are kept, e.g. "ingestion
+    /// time: Kll ×5 panes" or "query time, kept: Kll ×5 panes"; empty when
+    /// everything runs at query time, recomputed at each evaluation.
     pub materialization: String,
     pub roots: Vec<Rc<OperatorNode>>,
     pub dag: PhysicalASAPDAG,
@@ -69,8 +70,8 @@ pub enum Stage2Error {
 }
 
 /// Implement every operator of one logical candidate and enumerate its
-/// materialization choices: one candidate per down-closed set of
-/// ingestion-time summaries, all query time first. `id` and `label` are left
+/// materialization choices: one candidate per choice of ingestion-time
+/// (down-closed) and kept summaries, all query time first. `id` and `label` are left
 /// empty for the caller to name. Sharing between `roots` is preserved: one
 /// memo serves the whole workload, and a node shared by an ingestion-time and
 /// a query-time consumer is copied per phase.
@@ -78,8 +79,8 @@ pub enum Stage2Error {
 /// `demand[i]` is the demand of `roots[i]`. Above
 /// [`MAX_PHYSICAL_PER_LOGICAL`] choices, the choices are searched greedily
 /// by `score` (lower is better; `None`: not admissible): starting from all
-/// query time, move the unit whose move improves the score most, until none
-/// does. The candidates on that path are returned and flagged not
+/// query time, move the unit (to ingestion time or kept) whose move improves
+/// the score most, until none does. The candidates on that path are returned and flagged not
 /// exhaustive.
 pub fn stage2_physical(
     from_logical: &str,
@@ -95,10 +96,10 @@ pub fn stage2_physical(
         .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
     reject_maintained_populations(&implemented)?;
     let space = MaterializationSpace::new(&implemented, demand, data);
-    let build = |set: &BTreeSet<usize>| materialize(from_logical, &implemented, &space, set);
+    let build = |set: &Choices| materialize(from_logical, &implemented, &space, set);
     // All query time must build; an ingestion-time choice that the timing
     // rules reject is not a candidate.
-    let base = build(&BTreeSet::new())?;
+    let base = build(&Choices::new())?;
     if let Some(sets) = space.down_closed_sets(MAX_PHYSICAL_PER_LOGICAL) {
         let mut candidates = vec![base];
         candidates.extend(sets.iter().skip(1).filter_map(|set| build(set).ok()));
@@ -107,15 +108,16 @@ pub fn stage2_physical(
             exhaustive: true,
         });
     }
-    let mut set = BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut set = Choices::new();
     let mut best = score(&base);
     let mut candidates = vec![base];
     loop {
         let step = (0..space.units.len())
-            .filter(|&u| space.can_add(&set, u))
-            .filter_map(|u| {
+            .flat_map(|u| [(u, Choice::IngestionTime), (u, Choice::Kept)])
+            .filter(|&(u, choice)| space.can_choose(&set, u, choice))
+            .filter_map(|(u, choice)| {
                 let mut next = set.clone();
-                next.insert(u);
+                next.insert(u, choice);
                 let candidate = build(&next).ok()?;
                 let value = score(&candidate)?;
                 Some((value, next, candidate))
@@ -135,12 +137,13 @@ pub fn stage2_physical(
     })
 }
 
-/// Time the implemented roots with the summaries of `set` at ingestion time.
+/// Time the implemented roots with the summaries of `set` at ingestion time
+/// or kept, and mark the kept ones in the exported DAG.
 fn materialize(
     from_logical: &str,
     implemented: &[Rc<OperatorNode>],
     space: &MaterializationSpace,
-    set: &BTreeSet<usize>,
+    set: &Choices,
 ) -> Result<PhysicalCandidate, Stage2Error> {
     let (roots, assignment): (Vec<_>, MaterializationAssignment) =
         split_shared_by_phase(implemented, &space.assignment(set));
@@ -149,10 +152,24 @@ fn materialize(
         .iter()
         .map(|root| apply_materialization_timings(root, &assignment, &mut timing))
         .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-    let dag = compile_physical_asap_workload_with_node_ids(&timed)?.dag;
+    let compiled = compile_physical_asap_workload_with_node_ids(&timed)?;
+    let kept: HashSet<_> = roots
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(OperatorNode::reachable)
+        .filter(|node| assignment.is_kept(node))
+        .filter_map(|node| compiled.node_ids.node_id(timing.timed(&node)?))
+        .collect();
+    let mut dag = compiled.dag;
+    for node in &mut dag.nodes {
+        node.kept = kept.contains(&node.id);
+    }
     // A summary over query-time work stays at query time whatever the
     // assignment says; such a set is not a distinct candidate.
-    let assigned: usize = set.iter().map(|&u| space.units[u].summaries.len()).sum();
+    let assigned: usize = set
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|(_, choice)| **choice == Choice::IngestionTime)
+        .map(|(&u, _)| space.units[u].summaries.len())
+        .sum();
     let maintained = dag
         .nodes
         .iter()
diff --git a/crates/physical-optimizer/src/materialization.rs b/crates/physical-optimizer/src/materialization.rs
index e9e5a09db..133336720 100644
--- a/crates/physical-optimizer/src/materialization.rs
+++ b/crates/physical-optimizer/src/materialization.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! #509 Stage 2 materialization: for each summary state of one logical
 //! candidate, whether it is computed at query time (not materialized, the
-//! default) or maintained at ingestion time.
+//! default), maintained at ingestion time, or, for tumbling panes, computed
+//! at query time and kept across evaluations.
 //!
 //! **Eligibility (S4).** A `SummaryAgg` may run at ingestion time when
 //!
@@ -16,6 +17,14 @@
 //! A summary over a merge of panes reads a window that slides with the
 //! evaluation; it is not maintainable and stays at query time.
 //!
+//! **Query time, kept (Example 4, B3).** A tumbling pane whose roots all
+//! repeat at a fixed interval equal to the pane width may instead be built
+//! at query time and kept: each evaluation builds the newest pane from its
+//! width of raw data, merges it with the panes kept from earlier
+//! evaluations, then keeps it and drops the oldest. This needs neither
+//! arriving data nor predictability; the deployment must be able to keep
+//! query-time state (Stage 3 checks it).
+//!
 //! **Units.** The panes merged by one `SummaryMerge` are decided together:
 //! a pane chain is maintained as one stream of panes, and a mixed chain is
 //! never cheaper. Panes shared by two merges join both chains into one unit.
@@ -23,13 +32,14 @@
 //! **Down-closed sets.** Everything upstream of an ingestion-time node also
 //! runs at ingestion time (#509), so a unit is at ingestion time only if
 //! every unit below it is. [`MaterializationSpace::down_closed_sets`]
-//! enumerates exactly those sets, the empty set (all query time) first.
+//! enumerates exactly those choices, each unit not materialized, at
+//! ingestion time or kept, the empty choice (all query time) first.
 //!
 //! **Not materialized for several consumers (Q44, Example 4 A3)** would
 //! duplicate a shared sub-DAG per consuming query. It is not generated yet:
 //! a shared query-time node is computed once per evaluation for all its
 //! consumers.
-use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use asap_types::ir::properties::ExecutionTiming;
@@ -50,8 +60,24 @@ pub struct Unit {
     pub summaries: Vec<Rc<OperatorNode>>,
     /// E.g. "Kll ×5 panes" or "exact Sum".
     pub label: String,
+    /// The unit may run at ingestion time.
+    pub ingestion: bool,
+    /// The unit may be kept at query time (tumbling panes only).
+    pub kept: bool,
+}
+
+/// How a unit is materialized; a unit absent from a [`Choices`] is not.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum Choice {
+    /// Maintained at ingestion time.
+    IngestionTime,
+    /// Built at query time and kept across evaluations (B3).
+    Kept,
 }
 
+/// One materialization choice per unit index.
+pub type Choices = BTreeMap<usize, Choice>;
+
 /// The materialization choices of one logical candidate.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MaterializationSpace {
@@ -68,12 +94,10 @@ impl MaterializationSpace {
             units: Vec::new(),
             below: Vec::new(),
         };
-        if !matches!(
+        let arriving = matches!(
             data.arrival,
             DataArrival::ContinuouslyIngesting | DataArrival::Mixed
-        ) {
-            return empty;
-        }
+        );
         // Every summary, with the roots reaching it, in discovery order.
         let mut summaries: Vec<Rc<OperatorNode>> = Vec::new();
         let mut reaching: HashMap<*const OperatorNode, BTreeSet<usize>> = HashMap::new();
@@ -103,25 +127,35 @@ impl MaterializationSpace {
             .flat_map(|merge| merge.children())
             .map(Rc::as_ptr)
             .collect();
-        let eligible: Vec<bool> = summaries
+        // Per summary: (may run at ingestion time, may be kept).
+        let options: Vec<(bool, bool)> = summaries
             .iter()
             .map(|summary| {
                 let roots: Vec<&RootDemand> = reaching[&Rc::as_ptr(summary)]
                     .iter()
                     .filter_map(|&r| demand.get(r))
                     .collect();
-                roots.len() == reaching[&Rc::as_ptr(summary)].len()
+                let all_roots = roots.len() == reaching[&Rc::as_ptr(summary)].len();
+                let pane = panes.contains(&Rc::as_ptr(summary));
+                let window = window_of(summary);
+                let ingestion = arriving
+                    && all_roots
                     && roots.iter().all(|d| repeats_predictably(d))
                     && !forces_query_time(summary)
-                    && match window_of(summary) {
+                    && match window {
                         Window::Fixed { length_ms } => {
-                            panes.contains(&Rc::as_ptr(summary))
-                                || roots.iter().all(|d| fixed_window_fits(d, length_ms))
+                            pane || roots.iter().all(|d| fixed_window_fits(d, length_ms))
                         }
                         Window::None | Window::Sliding => false,
-                    }
+                    };
+                let kept = pane
+                    && all_roots
+                    && matches!(window, Window::Fixed { length_ms }
+                        if roots.iter().all(|d| evaluates_every(d, length_ms)));
+                (ingestion, kept)
             })
             .collect();
+        let eligible: Vec<bool> = options.iter().map(|&(i, k)| i || k).collect();
         let index: HashMap<*const OperatorNode, usize> = summaries
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
@@ -173,13 +207,23 @@ impl MaterializationSpace {
                 units.push(Unit {
                     summaries: Vec::new(),
                     label: String::new(),
+                    ingestion: true,
+                    kept: true,
                 });
                 members.push(Vec::new());
                 units.len() - 1
             });
             units[u].summaries.push(Rc::clone(&summaries[i]));
+            units[u].ingestion &= options[i].0;
+            units[u].kept &= options[i].1;
             members[u].push(i);
         }
+        // A chain whose members allow different options has none in common.
+        let (mut units, members): (Vec<Unit>, Vec<Vec<usize>>) = units
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(members)
+            .filter(|(unit, _)| unit.ingestion || unit.kept)
+            .unzip();
         for (unit, members) in units.iter_mut().zip(&members) {
             let name = family_name(&summaries[members[0]]);
             unit.label = if members
@@ -214,14 +258,25 @@ impl MaterializationSpace {
         Self { units, below }
     }
 
-    /// Whether `unit` may join `set` with the set staying down-closed.
-    pub fn can_add(&self, set: &BTreeSet<usize>, unit: usize) -> bool {
-        !set.contains(&unit) && self.below[unit].is_subset(set)
+    /// Whether `unit`, not yet materialized in `choices`, may take
+    /// `choice` with the ingestion-time units staying down-closed.
+    pub fn can_choose(&self, choices: &Choices, unit: usize, choice: Choice) -> bool {
+        !choices.contains_key(&unit)
+            && match choice {
+                Choice::IngestionTime => {
+                    self.units[unit].ingestion
+                        && self.below[unit]
+                            .iter()
+                            .all(|v| choices.get(v) == Some(&Choice::IngestionTime))
+                }
+                Choice::Kept => self.units[unit].kept,
+            }
     }
 
-    /// Every down-closed set of units, smallest first (the empty set, all
-    /// query time, is first); `None` when there are more than `max`.
-    pub fn down_closed_sets(&self, max: usize) -> Option<Vec<BTreeSet<usize>>> {
+    /// Every choice of materialization per unit whose ingestion-time units
+    /// are down-closed, fewest materialized units first (the empty choice,
+    /// all query time, is first); `None` when there are more than `max`.
+    pub fn down_closed_sets(&self, max: usize) -> Option<Vec<Choices>> {
         // Units bottom-up, so a unit is decided after every unit below it.
         let mut order: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
         while order.len() < self.units.len() {
@@ -236,15 +291,19 @@ impl MaterializationSpace {
                 "units below one another form no cycle"
             );
         }
-        let mut sets = vec![BTreeSet::new()];
+        let mut sets = vec![Choices::new()];
         for u in order {
             let additions: Vec<_> = sets
                 .iter()
-                .filter(|set| self.below[u].is_subset(set))
-                .map(|set| {
-                    let mut next = set.clone();
-                    next.insert(u);
-                    next
+                .flat_map(|set| {
+                    [Choice::IngestionTime, Choice::Kept]
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .filter(|&choice| self.can_choose(set, u, choice))
+                        .map(move |choice| {
+                            let mut next = set.clone();
+                            next.insert(u, choice);
+                            next
+                        })
                 })
                 .collect();
             sets.extend(additions);
@@ -256,24 +315,41 @@ impl MaterializationSpace {
         Some(sets)
     }
 
-    /// The assignment putting the summaries of `set` at ingestion time.
-    pub fn assignment(&self, set: &BTreeSet<usize>) -> asap_types::ir::MaterializationAssignment {
+    /// The assignment putting the summaries of `choices` at ingestion time,
+    /// or keeping them at query time.
+    pub fn assignment(&self, choices: &Choices) -> asap_types::ir::MaterializationAssignment {
         let mut assignment = asap_types::ir::MaterializationAssignment::all_query_time();
-        for &u in set {
+        for (&u, choice) in choices {
             for summary in &self.units[u].summaries {
-                assignment.set(summary, ExecutionTiming::IngestionTime);
+                match choice {
+                    Choice::IngestionTime => {
+                        assignment.set(summary, ExecutionTiming::IngestionTime)
+                    }
+                    Choice::Kept => assignment.set_kept(summary),
+                }
             }
         }
         assignment
     }
 
-    /// E.g. "ingestion time: Kll ×5 panes"; empty for the empty set.
-    pub fn label(&self, set: &BTreeSet<usize>) -> String {
-        if set.is_empty() {
-            return String::new();
-        }
-        let units: Vec<_> = set.iter().map(|&u| self.units[u].label.as_str()).collect();
-        format!("ingestion time: {}", units.join(", "))
+    /// E.g. "ingestion time: Kll ×5 panes" or "query time, kept: Kll ×5
+    /// panes"; empty for the empty choice.
+    pub fn label(&self, choices: &Choices) -> String {
+        [
+            (Choice::IngestionTime, "ingestion time"),
+            (Choice::Kept, "query time, kept"),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|(want, name)| {
+            let units: Vec<_> = choices
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|(_, choice)| **choice == want)
+                .map(|(&u, _)| self.units[u].label.as_str())
+                .collect();
+            (!units.is_empty()).then(|| format!("{name}: {}", units.join(", ")))
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join("; ")
     }
 }
 
@@ -282,6 +358,18 @@ fn repeats_predictably(demand: &RootDemand) -> bool {
         && matches!(demand.predictability, Predictability::Predictable { .. })
 }
 
+/// Evaluations come every `width_ms`, so each builds one new pane of that
+/// width.
+fn evaluates_every(demand: &RootDemand, width_ms: u64) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        demand.recurrence,
+        QueryRecurrence::Repeated(
+            RepeatedDemand::FixedInterval(interval)
+                | RepeatedDemand::FixedIntervalAt { interval, .. }
+        ) if u64::from(interval.0) == width_ms
+    )
+}
+
 /// One window per evaluation, phase known, and no overlap between
 /// successive evaluations' windows.
 fn fixed_window_fits(demand: &RootDemand, length_ms: u64) -> bool {
@@ -528,9 +616,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     /// Panes of a query repeating every minute over arriving data give a
     /// second candidate that builds all five panes at ingestion time and
-    /// merges them at query time (Example 4, B1).
+    /// merges them at query time (Example 4, B1), and a third that builds
+    /// them at query time and keeps them (B3).
     #[test]
-    fn tumbling_panes_can_run_at_ingestion_time() {
+    fn tumbling_panes_can_run_at_ingestion_time_or_be_kept() {
         let demand = [every(60_000)];
         let roots = roots(
             &[(P99_5M, P99)],
@@ -539,9 +628,18 @@ mod tests {
         );
         let out = stage2(&roots, &demand, &ingesting());
         assert!(out.exhaustive);
-        let [all_query, maintained] = &out.candidates[..] else {
-            panic!("two candidates: {:?}", out.candidates.len())
+        let [all_query, maintained, kept] = &out.candidates[..] else {
+            panic!("three candidates: {:?}", out.candidates.len())
         };
+        assert!(all_query.dag.nodes.iter().all(|n| !n.kept));
+        assert!(maintained.dag.nodes.iter().all(|n| !n.kept));
+        assert_eq!(kept.materialization, "query time, kept: DDSketch ×5 panes");
+        assert!(timings(kept, |_| true)
+            .iter()
+            .all(|t| *t == ExecutionTiming::QueryTime));
+        let kept_nodes: Vec<_> = kept.dag.nodes.iter().filter(|n| n.kept).collect();
+        assert_eq!(kept_nodes.len(), 5);
+        assert!(kept_nodes.iter().all(|n| is_build(&n.payload)));
         assert!(timings(all_query, |_| true)
             .iter()
             .all(|t| *t == ExecutionTiming::QueryTime));
@@ -561,7 +659,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     /// Ingestion time needs arriving data (`Unknown` counts as not
-    /// ingesting) and repeated, predictable roots.
+    /// ingesting) and repeated, predictable roots; keeping panes at query
+    /// time needs only repetition.
     #[test]
     fn ingestion_time_needs_arrival_and_predictable_repetition() {
         let demand = [every(60_000)];
@@ -570,22 +669,26 @@ mod tests {
             &demand,
             WindowForm::Tumbling { pane_ms: 60_000 },
         );
+        let labels = |demand: &[RootDemand], data: &DataWorkload| -> Vec<String> {
+            stage2(&roots, demand, data)
+                .candidates
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|c| c.materialization)
+                .collect()
+        };
+        let kept_only = ["", "query time, kept: DDSketch ×5 panes"];
         for arrival in [DataArrival::AtRest, DataArrival::Unknown] {
             let data = DataWorkload {
                 arrival,
                 ..Default::default()
             };
-            assert_eq!(
-                stage2(&roots, &demand, &data).candidates.len(),
-                1,
-                "{arrival:?}"
-            );
+            assert_eq!(labels(&demand, &data), kept_only, "{arrival:?}");
         }
         let mixed = DataWorkload {
             arrival: DataArrival::Mixed,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        assert_eq!(stage2(&roots, &demand, &mixed).candidates.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(labels(&demand, &mixed).len(), 3);
         let ad_hoc = RootDemand {
             predictability: Predictability::AdHoc,
             ..every(60_000)
@@ -597,14 +700,26 @@ mod tests {
             },
             ..every(60_000)
         };
-        for demand in [ad_hoc, once] {
-            assert_eq!(
-                stage2(&roots, std::slice::from_ref(&demand), &ingesting())
-                    .candidates
-                    .len(),
-                1
-            );
-        }
+        assert_eq!(labels(&[ad_hoc], &ingesting()), kept_only);
+        assert_eq!(labels(&[once], &ingesting()), [""]);
+    }
+
+    /// Keeping panes needs one new pane per evaluation: a 5-min window
+    /// every 2 min has 1-min panes, so it gets no kept option.
+    #[test]
+    fn kept_panes_need_one_new_pane_per_evaluation() {
+        let demand = [every(120_000)];
+        let roots = roots(
+            &[(P99_5M, P99)],
+            &demand,
+            WindowForm::Tumbling { pane_ms: 60_000 },
+        );
+        let labels: Vec<_> = stage2(&roots, &demand, &ingesting())
+            .candidates
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|c| c.materialization)
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(labels, ["", "ingestion time: DDSketch ×5 panes"]);
     }
 
     /// A whole window is maintainable only when each evaluation reads one
@@ -647,8 +762,11 @@ mod tests {
         let sets = space.down_closed_sets(MAX_PHYSICAL_PER_LOGICAL).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(sets.len(), 3, "{labels:?}");
         for set in &sets {
-            for &u in set {
-                assert!(space.below[u].is_subset(set));
+            for (&u, choice) in set {
+                assert_eq!(*choice, Choice::IngestionTime);
+                assert!(space.below[u]
+                    .iter()
+                    .all(|v| set.get(v) == Some(&Choice::IngestionTime)));
             }
         }
         // Over panes, the top-k sketch reads a sliding window: only the
diff --git a/crates/plan-selection/src/lib.rs b/crates/plan-selection/src/lib.rs
index a62209ee2..c1bc60a94 100644
--- a/crates/plan-selection/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/plan-selection/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 //! Cost is per second of wall time (`docs/design_docs/proposals/stage3-cost-model.md`):
 //! an ingestion-time node over the ingestion rate, a query-time node per
 //! evaluation times the evaluation rate of the roots reaching it ([`RootDemand`]),
-//! plus memory for ingestion-time state that query time reads. Prices come
+//! plus memory for ingestion-time state that query time reads and for
+//! tumbling panes kept across evaluations at query time. Prices come
 //! from [`crate::cost::analytical_cost::estimate_operator`] over edge
 //! statistics derived from the [`DataWorkload`] and a fixed default group
 //! count, weighted by [`Stage3Calibration`]; summary build and estimation are
@@ -1155,8 +1156,9 @@ pub fn plan_stages<Id: Clone>(
 }
 
 /// The first capability `candidate` needs that the deployment lacks, as a
-/// reason: maintaining state at ingestion time, building a summary, or
-/// reading a statistic out of one.
+/// reason: maintaining state at ingestion time, keeping query-time state
+/// across evaluations, building a summary, or reading a statistic out of
+/// one.
 fn capability_violation(
     candidate: &PhysicalCandidate,
     capabilities: &DeploymentCapabilities,
@@ -1170,6 +1172,11 @@ fn capability_violation(
     {
         return Some("deployment cannot maintain state at ingestion time".into());
     }
+    if !capabilities.query_time_retention && candidate.dag.nodes.iter().any(|n| n.kept) {
+        return Some(
+            "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)".into(),
+        );
+    }
     // Summaries first: a readout of a summary that cannot be built is moot.
     let reasons = |node: &Rc<OperatorNode>, readouts: bool| match &node.operator {
         Operator::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryAgg { family, .. }) if !readouts => {
@@ -1398,16 +1405,31 @@ fn reaching_roots(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, Vec<usiz
 
 /// How far back the time ranges reading `id` reach, in milliseconds: each
 /// range plus the offsets between it and `id`. `None` when no range reads it.
-fn scan_extent_ms(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG, id: PhysicalASAPNodeId, offset_ms: i64) -> Option<u64> {
+/// A range feeding only kept panes (`roles`) is not read again.
+fn scan_extent_ms(
+    dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG,
+    roles: &HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole>,
+    id: PhysicalASAPNodeId,
+    offset_ms: i64,
+) -> Option<u64> {
     dag.edges
         .iter()
         .filter(|e| e.producer == id)
+        .filter(|e| {
+            !matches!(
+                roles.get(&e.consumer),
+                Some(PaneRole::Retained | PaneRole::FeedsRetained)
+            )
+        })
         .filter_map(|e| {
             let consumer = dag.nodes.iter().find(|n| n.id == e.consumer)?;
             match &consumer.payload {
-                Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::TimeShift { shift, .. }) => {
-                    scan_extent_ms(dag, consumer.id, offset_ms.saturating_add(shift.offset_ms))
-                }
+                Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::TimeShift { shift, .. }) => scan_extent_ms(
+                    dag,
+                    roles,
+                    consumer.id,
+                    offset_ms.saturating_add(shift.offset_ms),
+                ),
                 Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::TimeRange { range, .. }) => {
                     Some((range.as_millis() as u64).saturating_add(offset_ms.max(0) as u64))
                 }
@@ -1417,11 +1439,12 @@ fn scan_extent_ms(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG, id: PhysicalASAPNodeId, offset_ms: i64)
         .max()
 }
 
-/// The role of an ingestion-time node in a chain of tumbling panes.
+/// The role of an ingestion-time or kept node in a chain of tumbling panes.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum PaneRole {
-    /// The pane being built: every arriving row lands in it. It retains
-    /// `panes` completed panes plus itself.
+    /// The pane being built: at ingestion time every arriving row lands in
+    /// it, and it retains `panes` completed panes plus itself; kept, each
+    /// evaluation builds it and keeps it with `panes − 1` older ones.
     Newest { panes: u64 },
     /// An older pane: the newest pane of an earlier evaluation, kept. It is
     /// not built again.
@@ -1430,10 +1453,10 @@ enum PaneRole {
     FeedsRetained,
 }
 
-/// Ingestion-time panes merged by a `SummaryMerge`: pane `i` is pane 0
-/// shifted back by `i` widths, so at ingestion time the chain is one pane
-/// built as rows arrive and kept for the later evaluations. The newest pane
-/// is the one with the smallest shift.
+/// Ingestion-time or kept panes merged by a `SummaryMerge`: pane `i` is
+/// pane 0 shifted back by `i` widths, so the chain is one pane built (as
+/// rows arrive, or when an evaluation reads it) and kept for the later
+/// evaluations. The newest pane is the one with the smallest shift.
 fn pane_roles(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole> {
     let nodes: HashMap<_, _> = dag.nodes.iter().map(|n| (n.id, n)).collect();
     let producers = |id| {
@@ -1442,7 +1465,8 @@ fn pane_roles(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole> {
             .filter(move |e| e.consumer == id)
             .map(|e| e.producer)
     };
-    let ingestion = |id: PhysicalASAPNodeId| !nodes[&id].output_state.timing.is_query_time();
+    let materialized =
+        |id: PhysicalASAPNodeId| !nodes[&id].output_state.timing.is_query_time() || nodes[&id].kept;
     // The shift of a pane over `TimeRange` over `TimeShift`, else 0.
     let shift = |pane| {
         producers(pane)
@@ -1461,7 +1485,7 @@ fn pane_roles(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole> {
     {
         let panes: Vec<_> = producers(merge.id)
             .filter(|&id| {
-                ingestion(id)
+                materialized(id)
                     && matches!(nodes[&id].payload, Payload::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryAgg { .. }))
             })
             .collect();
@@ -1487,10 +1511,10 @@ fn pane_roles(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole> {
             roles.insert(pane, merged);
         }
     }
-    // Consumers first: an ingestion-time node whose consumers all are
-    // retained panes, or feed only those, does no work of its own.
+    // Consumers first: a node whose consumers all are retained panes, or
+    // feed only those, does no work of its own.
     for node in dag.nodes.iter().rev() {
-        if roles.contains_key(&node.id) || !ingestion(node.id) {
+        if roles.contains_key(&node.id) {
             continue;
         }
         let mut consumers = dag
@@ -1516,8 +1540,9 @@ fn pane_roles(dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole> {
 /// exported children first, so each node's input statistics are known when
 /// it is reached. An ingestion-time node is priced over one second of
 /// ingested rows; a query-time node per evaluation, times its evaluation
-/// rate. State an ingestion-time node keeps for query-time readers is also
-/// charged per retained byte per second.
+/// rate. State an ingestion-time node keeps for query-time readers, and the
+/// older panes a kept chain keeps, are also charged per retained byte per
+/// second; a kept chain builds only its newest pane at each evaluation.
 #[cfg(test)]
 fn price(
     dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG,
@@ -1534,7 +1559,8 @@ struct Priced {
     /// The cost of one evaluation of each query-time node.
     per_evaluation: HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, f64>,
     /// Bytes retained across evaluations: ingestion-time state that query
-    /// time reads, and raw data retained for query-time scans.
+    /// time reads, kept query-time panes, and raw data retained for
+    /// query-time scans.
     retained_bytes: u64,
 }
 
@@ -1570,7 +1596,7 @@ fn price_nodes(
     let reached = reaching_roots(dag);
     let nodes: HashMap<_, _> = dag.nodes.iter().map(|n| (n.id, n)).collect();
     let roles = pane_roles(dag);
-    let raw_retention = raw_retention(dag, rows_per_ms, raw_bytes_per_sample);
+    let raw_retention = raw_retention(dag, &roles, rows_per_ms, raw_bytes_per_sample);
     let mut retained_bytes = 0u64;
     let mut output: HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, EdgeStatistics> = HashMap::new();
     let mut per_node = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -1621,7 +1647,8 @@ fn price_nodes(
                         // query time, as far back as the ranges reading it reach.
                         let span_ms = match ingestion {
                             true => 1_000,
-                            false => scan_extent_ms(dag, node.id, 0).unwrap_or(DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_MS),
+                            false => scan_extent_ms(dag, &roles, node.id, 0)
+                                .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_MS),
                         };
                         let out = edge(scan_rows(rows_per_ms, span_ms));
                         let estimate = estimate_operator(
@@ -1858,17 +1885,46 @@ fn price_nodes(
             let roots = reached.get(&node.id).into_iter().flatten();
             let rate = evaluation_rate(roots.filter_map(|&r| demand.get(r)), calibration.horizon_s)
                 .map_err(|error| (node.id, error))?;
-            per_evaluation.insert(node.id, cost);
-            let detail = format!("{detail}; x {rate:.4} evaluations/s");
-            match raw_retention.get(&node.id) {
-                Some(&bytes) => {
-                    retained_bytes = retained_bytes.saturating_add(bytes);
+            match roles.get(&node.id) {
+                Some(PaneRole::Retained) => (
+                    0.0,
+                    "pane kept from an earlier evaluation; built and kept as the newest pane"
+                        .to_string(),
+                ),
+                Some(PaneRole::FeedsRetained) => (
+                    0.0,
+                    "feeds only kept panes; done for the newest pane".to_string(),
+                ),
+                // Built from its width of raw data at each evaluation, then
+                // kept with the `panes − 1` older panes the next one reads.
+                Some(PaneRole::Newest { panes }) => {
+                    per_evaluation.insert(node.id, cost);
+                    let retained = (panes - 1) * out.rows * state_bytes(node);
+                    retained_bytes = retained_bytes.saturating_add(retained);
                     (
-                        cost * rate + calibration.cost_per_retained_byte_second * bytes as f64,
-                        format!("{detail}; retains {bytes} bytes of raw data"),
+                        cost * rate + calibration.cost_per_retained_byte_second * retained as f64,
+                        format!(
+                            "{detail}; x {rate:.4} evaluations/s; query time, newest of {panes} \
+                             panes, keeps {} older, retains {retained} bytes",
+                            panes - 1
+                        ),
                     )
                 }
-                None => (cost * rate, detail),
+                None => {
+                    per_evaluation.insert(node.id, cost);
+                    let detail = format!("{detail}; x {rate:.4} evaluations/s");
+                    match raw_retention.get(&node.id) {
+                        Some(&bytes) => {
+                            retained_bytes = retained_bytes.saturating_add(bytes);
+                            (
+                                cost * rate
+                                    + calibration.cost_per_retained_byte_second * bytes as f64,
+                                format!("{detail}; retains {bytes} bytes of raw data"),
+                            )
+                        }
+                        None => (cost * rate, detail),
+                    }
+                }
             }
         };
         output.insert(node.id, out);
@@ -1909,6 +1965,7 @@ fn scan_rows(rows_per_ms: f64, span_ms: u64) -> u64 {
 /// queries is one node.
 fn raw_retention(
     dag: &PhysicalASAPDAG,
+    roles: &HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, PaneRole>,
     rows_per_ms: f64,
     raw_bytes_per_sample: Option<u64>,
 ) -> HashMap<PhysicalASAPNodeId, u64> {
@@ -1922,7 +1979,7 @@ fn raw_retention(
                 && matches!(n.payload, Payload::NonASAP(NonASAPOp::Scan { .. }))
         })
         .map(|n| {
-            let span_ms = scan_extent_ms(dag, n.id, 0).unwrap_or(DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_MS);
+            let span_ms = scan_extent_ms(dag, roles, n.id, 0).unwrap_or(DEFAULT_LOOKBACK_MS);
             let rows = scan_rows(rows_per_ms, span_ms);
             (n.id, rows.saturating_mul(bytes_per_sample))
         })
@@ -2783,6 +2840,68 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(ingestion.len(), 4, "{ingestion:#?}");
     }
 
+    /// Kept at query time (B3, Q59), each evaluation builds the newest pane
+    /// from one pane width of raw data and keeps it with the 4 older panes
+    /// the next evaluation reads: the newest pane pays the build per
+    /// evaluation and the memory of 4 panes; the older panes and their
+    /// inputs cost nothing, and the scan reads one pane width. Without
+    /// `query_time_retention` the candidate is rejected.
+    #[test]
+    fn kept_panes_build_the_newest_and_retain_the_others() {
+        let (run, demand, data) = pattern_b(data(), None);
+        let enumeration = run.enumeration.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let p = enumeration
+            .candidates
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|c| &c.physical)
+            .find(|p| p.materialization == "query time, kept: Kll ×5 panes")
+            .expect("kept KLL panes");
+        let cost = &enumeration.selection.costs[&p.id];
+        let builds: Vec<_> = p.dag.nodes.iter().filter(|n| n.kept).collect();
+        assert_eq!(builds.len(), 5);
+        assert!(builds.iter().all(|n| is_build(&n.payload)));
+        let charged: Vec<_> = builds
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|n| cost.per_node[&n.id].cost > 0.0)
+            .collect();
+        let [newest] = charged[..] else {
+            panic!("one charged pane: {}", charged.len())
+        };
+        let Payload::ASAP(ASAPOp::SummaryAgg { family, .. }) = &newest.payload else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+        // data(): λ = 10 000 rows/s into 10 000 series; a 1-min pane is
+        // 600 000 rows, built once a minute.
+        let node = &cost.per_node[&newest.id];
+        let retained = 4 * 10_000 * summary_shape(family).1;
+        let build = 600_000.0 * 1e-6 / 60.0;
+        assert!(
+            (node.cost - build - 1.25e-7 * retained as f64).abs() < 1e-9,
+            "{}: {}",
+            node.cost,
+            node.detail
+        );
+        let scan = node_of(&p.dag, is_scan);
+        assert_eq!(cost.per_node[&scan.id].rows, 600_000);
+        let without = DeploymentCapabilities {
+            query_time_retention: false,
+            ..DeploymentCapabilities::UNRESTRICTED
+        };
+        let selection = stage3_select(
+            std::slice::from_ref(p),
+            &demand,
+            &data,
+            PlanningModels::builtin().with_capabilities(&without),
+        );
+        let Err(SelectionError::NoValidCandidate(rejected)) = selection else {
+            panic!("rejected")
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            rejected[0].reason,
+            "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)"
+        );
+    }
+
     /// The latency check (S6) rejects a candidate whose query-time work in
     /// one evaluation, at one cost unit per ms, exceeds its query's bound,
     /// and names the query, the estimate and the bound.
@@ -3173,7 +3292,7 @@ mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         let invalid = reasons(&selection);
         for p in &all {
-            let maintained = !p.materialization.is_empty();
+            let maintained = p.materialization.starts_with("ingestion time");
             assert_eq!(invalid.contains_key(p.id.as_str()), maintained, "{}", p.id);
             if maintained {
                 assert_eq!(
diff --git a/crates/types/src/ir/physical_export.rs b/crates/types/src/ir/physical_export.rs
index c7749827d..4c5c349ea 100644
--- a/crates/types/src/ir/physical_export.rs
+++ b/crates/types/src/ir/physical_export.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ pub struct PhysicalASAPDAGNode {
     pub payload: PhysicalASAPOperatorPayload,
     /// Phase is a placement choice for every operator, independent of payload kind.
     pub output_state: ExecutionDataState,
+    /// A query-time output kept across evaluations (#509 Example 4, B3):
+    /// a tumbling pane built once, when it is the newest, and read by the
+    /// later evaluations whose window still covers it. Set by Stage 2
+    /// materialization; `false` (omitted) for every other node.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+    pub kept: bool,
     pub output_schema: Schema,
     pub guarantee: Option<ResultGuarantee>,
 }
@@ -407,6 +413,7 @@ pub fn compile_physical_asap_workload_with_node_ids(
             id,
             payload: flat_node.operator,
             output_state,
+            kept: false,
             output_schema: flat_node.schema,
             guarantee: flat_node.guarantee,
         });
diff --git a/crates/types/src/ir/properties/timing.rs b/crates/types/src/ir/properties/timing.rs
index 83ccb8661..64afb80cb 100644
--- a/crates/types/src/ir/properties/timing.rs
+++ b/crates/types/src/ir/properties/timing.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 //! | `MaintainPopulation.child` | Ingestion-time rows matching the population's input |
 //! | any `NonASAP` consumer | Rows (or exact-accumulator state for a projection-like operator) at the consumer's own timing; ingestion work never reads a query-time value |
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use crate::ir::operator::asap::ASAPOp;
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ use crate::ir::schema::{DataType, FieldDataType, Schema};
 pub struct MaterializationAssignment {
     summary_timings: HashMap<*const OperatorNode, ExecutionTiming>,
     default_timing: ExecutionTiming,
+    /// Query-time states kept across evaluations (#509 Example 4, B3). The
+    /// timing stays query time; the export marks them kept.
+    kept: HashSet<*const OperatorNode>,
 }
 
 impl MaterializationAssignment {
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ impl MaterializationAssignment {
         Self {
             summary_timings: HashMap::new(),
             default_timing: ExecutionTiming::IngestionTime,
+            kept: HashSet::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -76,6 +80,15 @@ impl MaterializationAssignment {
         self.summary_timings.insert(Rc::as_ptr(summary), timing);
     }
 
+    /// Keep `summary`'s query-time state across evaluations.
+    pub fn set_kept(&mut self, summary: &Rc<OperatorNode>) {
+        self.kept.insert(Rc::as_ptr(summary));
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_kept(&self, summary: &Rc<OperatorNode>) -> bool {
+        self.kept.contains(&Rc::as_ptr(summary))
+    }
+
     pub fn summary_timing(&self, summary: &Rc<OperatorNode>) -> ExecutionTiming {
         self.summary_timings
             .get(&Rc::as_ptr(summary))
@@ -667,6 +680,9 @@ pub fn split_shared_by_phase(
             state
                 .rekeyed
                 .set(&out, state.assignment.summary_timing(node));
+            if state.assignment.is_kept(node) {
+                state.rekeyed.set_kept(&out);
+            }
         }
         state.copies.insert(key, Rc::clone(&out));
         out
diff --git a/docs/design_docs/proposals/stage3-cost-model.md b/docs/design_docs/proposals/stage3-cost-model.md
index 36297c65e..75c99f209 100644
--- a/docs/design_docs/proposals/stage3-cost-model.md
+++ b/docs/design_docs/proposals/stage3-cost-model.md
@@ -89,8 +89,9 @@ priced like 1/8 of a vCPU, the memory-to-core ratio of memory-optimized cloud
 instances (8 GB per vCPU): 125 CPU-ms per second for 10⁹ bytes, or 1.25e-7
 per byte per second.
 
-**What counts as retained.** Only ingestion-time state that a query-time node
-reads: it lives between evaluations. Retained bytes are
+**What counts as retained.** Ingestion-time state that a query-time node
+reads, and panes kept at query time (below): both live between evaluations.
+Retained bytes of ingestion-time state are
 
 ```text
 retained_bytes(n) = 2 · groups(n) · state_bytes(n)
@@ -118,6 +119,26 @@ When panes are shared by windows of different lengths, the longest sets `N`.
 The merge and the estimate run at query time, per evaluation. Retention is
 in memory only (S3).
 
+**Tumbling panes kept at query time (Example 4 B3, Q59).** Stage 2 may
+instead build a repeating query's panes at query time and keep them across
+evaluations (the physical node's `kept` flag). Each evaluation builds the
+newest pane from `w` of raw data, merges it with the `N − 1` panes kept from
+earlier evaluations, then keeps it and drops the oldest. So the newest pane
+pays its build per evaluation, times the evaluation rate, and the memory of
+the panes the next evaluation reads:
+
+```text
+retained_bytes(newest) = (N − 1) · groups · state_bytes
+```
+
+The older panes, and the shifts and ranges that feed only them, cost
+nothing; the scan reads, and when raw data is not kept anyway retains
+(below), only `w`, not the whole lookback. Per-evaluation work, also for the
+latency check, is the newest pane, the merge and the estimate. Retained
+bytes count against the memory budget. Cold start, the first `N − 1`
+evaluations before every pane is kept, is not priced. A deployment without
+`query_time_retention` rejects the candidate (below).
+
 ## Latency check
 
 A query's `response_latency` bound (S6) is checked against the query-time
@@ -142,7 +163,7 @@ deployment exports its own set; the reference executor's is
 |---|---|---|
 | `summaries` | `None`: every summary | Summary families (exact kind or sketch algorithm) × instance layout (per group, or a Hydra kind), each with the readouts it supports (quantile, total count, item count, cardinality, top-k, L2, entropy) |
 | `ingestion_time` | `true` | Can maintain state at ingestion time |
-| `query_time_retention` | `true` | Can keep query-time results across evaluations (Example 4, B3; no candidate needs it yet) |
+| `query_time_retention` | `true` | Can keep query-time results across evaluations (Example 4, B3; the reference executor cannot yet) |
 | `memory_budget_bytes` | `None` | Most bytes a plan may retain across evaluations |
 | `raw_data_retained` | `true` | The deployment keeps the sources' raw data anyway |
 | `raw_bytes_per_sample` | 16 | An 8-byte timestamp and an 8-byte value, uncompressed |
@@ -156,6 +177,8 @@ deployment lacks, before checking accuracy, with the first missing one:
   `SummaryEstimate` whose statistic the summary it reads does not list.
 * `deployment cannot maintain state at ingestion time`: any node at
   ingestion time when `ingestion_time` is false.
+* `deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time,
+  kept)`: any kept node when `query_time_retention` is false.
 * `retains N bytes across evaluations, over the deployment's memory budget
   of M bytes`: the retained bytes below exceed `memory_budget_bytes`.
 
@@ -174,8 +197,8 @@ charge is on the scan node, so cost stays a sum over nodes; a scan shared
 by several queries is one node and pays once. A scan at ingestion time
 reads samples as they arrive and retains none: a plan whose raw input is
 maintained at ingestion time does not pay it. Retained bytes for the
-memory budget are the ingestion-time state of the memory term plus, when
-charged, this raw retention.
+memory budget are the ingestion-time state and kept panes of the memory term
+plus, when charged, this raw retention.
 
 ## Calibration
 
@@ -280,9 +303,6 @@ every Count-Sketch + heap among them.
 * **Not materialized for several consumers (Q44, Example 4 A3).** Stage 2
   would duplicate the sub-DAG per consuming query; it does not generate that
   option yet.
-* **Query time, kept (Example 4 B3).** A pane built at query time and kept
-  for later evaluations is not offered; panes are rebuilt at query time or
-  maintained at ingestion time.
 * **Storage tier and retention (S3).** Retained state is priced as memory.
   Choosing disk versus memory and how long to keep state comes with panes.
 * **Calibration from measurements.** The coefficients and default statistics
diff --git a/tools/dag-viewer/app.js b/tools/dag-viewer/app.js
index 44fb66d90..cfd4ded30 100644
--- a/tools/dag-viewer/app.js
+++ b/tools/dag-viewer/app.js
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
       items.push(['instances', summaryInstancesText(n.payload.grouping, n.payload.reduction)]);
     }
     if (d.rootFor && d.rootFor.length) items.push(['query root of', d.rootFor.join(', ')]);
-    if (d.timing) items.push(['runs at', formatTiming(d.timing)]);
+    if (d.timing) items.push(['runs at', formatTiming(d.timing, n.kept)]);
     if (n.output_state && n.output_state.primitive) items.push(['output primitive', compactWire(n.output_state.primitive)]);
     if (d.nodeCost) items.push(['Stage 3 cost', `${Number(d.nodeCost.cost.toFixed(4))} · ${d.nodeCost.detail || ''}`]);
     items.push(['coverage', n.coverage ? compactWire(n.coverage) : 'none (not a summary state)']);
diff --git a/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json b/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json
index cd32ade76..fae670f04 100644
--- a/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json
+++ b/tools/dag-viewer/examples/planner-layering-example1.json
@@ -95852,13 +95852,29 @@
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -95869,43 +95885,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+            },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 9,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -95949,71 +95955,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 8,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 9,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -96057,27 +96065,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 12,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -96121,35 +96120,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 11,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -96160,52 +96160,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 14,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 2,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -96249,71 +96230,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 15,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 14,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 16,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -96357,27 +96340,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 15,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 17,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 4,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -96421,36 +96395,91 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 18,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -96461,88 +96490,106 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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-                      ]
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -96558,6 +96605,37 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  }
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@@ -96566,50 +96644,98 @@
                     "name": "value",
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                      }
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@@ -96626,9 +96752,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -96657,14 +96786,14 @@
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@@ -96681,9 +96810,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -96712,14 +96844,14 @@
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@@ -96736,9 +96868,12 @@
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@@ -96767,14 +96902,14 @@
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@@ -96791,9 +96926,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -96822,14 +96960,14 @@
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@@ -96846,9 +96984,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -96877,12 +97018,12 @@
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@@ -96935,12 +97076,12 @@
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@@ -96990,20 +97131,36 @@
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -97014,34 +97171,22 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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@@ -97508,12 +97653,75 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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                     "child": 4,
+                    "shift": {
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+                    "table": null
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+                  {
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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+                      "secs": 10
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@@ -97521,7 +97729,8 @@
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@@ -97576,7 +97785,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -97601,7 +97810,7 @@
             },
             {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -97651,100 +97860,76 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 6
+                "NonASAP": {
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             {
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     0
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               "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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-                      "Reduce": [
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-                      ]
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
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@@ -97752,81 +97937,89 @@
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               "guarantee": null,
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                     "dtype": {
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                     "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
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+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -97870,18 +98063,26 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -97925,18 +98126,28 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -97949,9 +98160,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -97980,18 +98194,40 @@
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -98035,18 +98271,26 @@
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-            },
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-              "consumer": 6,
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98090,18 +98334,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98114,9 +98368,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -98145,18 +98402,40 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98200,18 +98479,26 @@
                   ]
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98255,18 +98542,28 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98279,9 +98576,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -98310,18 +98610,40 @@
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-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98365,18 +98687,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98420,18 +98750,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 11,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "kept": true,
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98444,9 +98784,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -98475,18 +98818,40 @@
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-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98499,9 +98864,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -98530,18 +98898,29 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      10,
+                      13,
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+                      19,
+                      22
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98585,18 +98964,22 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                  }
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+            },
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+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98640,18 +99023,34 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "keys": [
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -98695,12 +99094,38 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
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+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
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+                    ]
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+            26
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+        "id": "P3-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -98750,12 +99175,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -98805,12 +99230,12 @@
                   ]
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -98860,12 +99285,12 @@
                   ]
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -98915,12 +99340,12 @@
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -98970,14 +99395,14 @@
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -98994,12 +99419,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -99028,12 +99450,12 @@
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@@ -99042,25 +99464,6 @@
               "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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@@ -99071,33 +99474,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     },
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                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -99110,12 +99523,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -99144,18 +99554,71 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                          "dtype": {
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+                          "name": "ts",
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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                   {
@@ -99168,12 +99631,9 @@
                   },
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -99202,18 +99662,27 @@
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-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
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                   {
@@ -99226,12 +99695,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -99260,39 +99726,35 @@
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                    ],
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+                  }
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@@ -99303,33 +99765,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      ]
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@@ -99342,171 +99823,9 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -99598,7 +99917,7 @@
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@@ -99650,7 +99969,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -99662,7 +99981,7 @@
             },
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@@ -99714,12 +100033,13 @@
               "payload": {
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                     "having": null,
                     "measures": [
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@@ -99732,7 +100052,7 @@
             },
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@@ -99746,9 +100066,22 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
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@@ -99761,24 +100094,45 @@
                 ]
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+                    "family": {
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
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@@ -99790,48 +100144,40 @@
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                   {
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                   {
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@@ -99840,66 +100186,39 @@
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+                "ASAP": {
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                 }
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+            8
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+        "from_logical": "L4",
+        "id": "P4",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CMS+heap"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -99943,26 +100262,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -100006,27 +100317,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -100039,12 +100341,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -100073,40 +100372,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -100150,26 +100427,18 @@
                   ]
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                   {
@@ -100213,27 +100482,18 @@
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@@ -100280,40 +100540,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -100357,44 +100595,20 @@
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@@ -100405,41 +100619,42 @@
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@@ -100453,12 +100668,9 @@
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@@ -100488,38 +100700,69 @@
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@@ -100570,11 +100813,12 @@
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@@ -100582,7 +100826,7 @@
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@@ -100633,42 +100877,29 @@
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@@ -100679,54 +100910,51 @@
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@@ -100777,11 +101005,56 @@
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@@ -100789,7 +101062,7 @@
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@@ -100841,11 +101114,11 @@
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@@ -100853,7 +101126,7 @@
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@@ -100908,7 +101181,7 @@
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@@ -100933,7 +101206,7 @@
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@@ -100983,39 +101256,19 @@
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@@ -101026,33 +101279,77 @@
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@@ -101060,88 +101357,81 @@
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@@ -101154,12 +101444,9 @@
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@@ -101188,29 +101475,18 @@
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@@ -101254,116 +101530,36 @@
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@@ -101379,56 +101575,22 @@
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@@ -101478,12 +101640,12 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -101533,12 +101695,12 @@
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                 ]
               },
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+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -101588,15 +101750,15 @@
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+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -101645,13 +101807,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -101698,15 +101860,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -101753,15 +101915,15 @@
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               },
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+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -101810,178 +101972,13 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
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-                "fields": [
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-                  },
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-                  },
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-                    },
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-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-            {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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-                  {
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-                  },
-                  {
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
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-                "unique_keys": [
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-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 12,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -102030,13 +102027,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 11,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 13,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102085,13 +102082,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 12,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102140,13 +102137,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 15,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
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@@ -102195,13 +102192,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 14,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 16,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102250,13 +102247,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 15,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 17,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -102305,13 +102302,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 18,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -102360,13 +102357,13 @@
               },
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
               "consumer": 19,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -102415,13 +102412,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 18,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
               "consumer": 20,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -102470,13 +102467,13 @@
               },
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102525,13 +102522,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 20,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 22,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -102580,13 +102577,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102644,7 +102641,7 @@
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102702,7 +102699,7 @@
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102760,7 +102757,7 @@
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102818,7 +102815,7 @@
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -102876,7 +102873,7 @@
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -103445,7 +103442,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -103553,7 +103550,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -103616,7 +103613,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -103683,7 +103680,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -103760,7 +103757,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -103823,7 +103820,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -103890,7 +103887,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -103967,7 +103964,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104030,7 +104027,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104097,7 +104094,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -104174,7 +104171,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104237,7 +104234,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104304,7 +104301,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -104381,7 +104378,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104444,7 +104441,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104511,7 +104508,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -104588,7 +104585,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104651,7 +104648,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -104718,7 +104715,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -105029,8 +105026,8 @@
           ]
         },
         "from_logical": "L6",
-        "id": "P6-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "id": "P6",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -105204,7 +105201,7 @@
               "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -105253,13 +105250,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -105308,13 +105305,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -105363,65 +105360,16 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
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-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
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-                ]
-              },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
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-              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -105465,71 +105413,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 9,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -105573,27 +105468,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -105637,91 +105523,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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             {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
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-                }
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -105765,71 +105578,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
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+                  {
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                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
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             },
             {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -105873,27 +105688,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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               },
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-                    "child": 4,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
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+                    "dtype": {
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             },
             {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -105937,36 +105798,91 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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             {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -105977,88 +105893,106 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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-                          }
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-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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                     "table": null
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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             {
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@@ -106074,6 +106008,37 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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@@ -106082,51 +106047,96 @@
                     "name": "value",
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@@ -106173,15 +106183,73 @@
                   ]
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -106197,9 +106265,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -106228,15 +106299,15 @@
                   ]
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -106252,9 +106323,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -106283,15 +106357,15 @@
                   ]
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -106307,9 +106381,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     },
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                     "table": null
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@@ -106338,15 +106415,15 @@
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-              "producer": 4,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -106362,9 +106439,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -106393,12 +106473,70 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 19,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                    "table": null
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+              "producer": 22,
+              "role": "Input",
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+            {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -106451,12 +106589,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -106506,12 +106644,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -106532,13 +106670,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -106557,7 +106695,7 @@
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-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 25,
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@@ -106912,7 +107050,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -107020,16 +107158,79 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
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                     "child": 4,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
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+            {
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
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                     }
                   }
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@@ -107037,7 +107238,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -107087,12 +107288,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -107117,7 +107318,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -107164,114 +107365,42 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 6
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
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                     "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                "fields": [
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                   {
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@@ -107287,62 +107416,37 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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-                    },
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-                    "nullable": false,
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               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
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-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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-                      "TopK": {
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 8
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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-        "id": "P8",
-        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc)"
-      },
-      {
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 10,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107355,9 +107459,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -107386,18 +107493,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107441,18 +107570,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -107496,18 +107633,27 @@
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-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107520,9 +107666,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -107551,18 +107700,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107606,18 +107777,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107661,18 +107840,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107685,9 +107873,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -107716,18 +107907,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+              }
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107771,18 +107984,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
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+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107826,18 +108047,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 9,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 17,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
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+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 19,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107850,9 +108080,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -107881,18 +108114,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -107936,18 +108191,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 11,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -107991,18 +108254,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 20,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+                }
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+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -108015,9 +108287,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -108046,18 +108321,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -108070,9 +108367,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -108101,18 +108401,29 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
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+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -108156,36 +108467,116 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
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                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
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                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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+                ],
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+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
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+                "fields": [
                   {
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                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -108201,22 +108592,56 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
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                   ]
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               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+            26
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+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -108266,12 +108691,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -108321,12 +108746,12 @@
                   ]
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@@ -108376,12 +108801,12 @@
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@@ -108431,12 +108856,12 @@
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@@ -108486,14 +108911,14 @@
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@@ -108510,12 +108935,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -108544,14 +108966,14 @@
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@@ -108568,12 +108990,9 @@
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@@ -108602,14 +109021,14 @@
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@@ -108626,12 +109045,9 @@
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -108660,14 +109076,14 @@
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@@ -108684,12 +109100,9 @@
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@@ -108718,14 +109131,14 @@
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@@ -108742,12 +109155,9 @@
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@@ -108776,14 +109186,14 @@
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@@ -108800,12 +109210,9 @@
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@@ -108834,14 +109241,14 @@
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@@ -108858,12 +109265,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -108892,12 +109296,913 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
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+                  },
+                  {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
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+                    "nullable": false,
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+                  },
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+            {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -108973,13 +110278,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -109542,6 +110847,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 7,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -109749,6 +111055,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 10,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -109956,6 +111263,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 13,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -110163,6 +111471,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 16,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -110370,6 +111679,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 19,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -110577,6 +111887,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 22,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -110800,13 +112111,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -110836,13 +112147,13 @@
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -110936,9 +112247,9 @@
             26
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L9",
-        "id": "P9",
-        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
+        "from_logical": "L6",
+        "id": "P6-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -111112,7 +112423,7 @@
               "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -111161,13 +112472,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -111216,13 +112527,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -111271,89 +112582,18 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
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+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
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-              },
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-                  }
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -111364,33 +112604,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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               "role": "Input",
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-            },
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -111434,73 +112684,71 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
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+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -111544,18 +112792,27 @@
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               },
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -111599,36 +112856,35 @@
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               },
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -111639,33 +112895,52 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -111709,73 +112984,71 @@
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@@ -111819,18 +113092,27 @@
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                   {
@@ -111874,36 +113156,36 @@
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               },
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@@ -111914,106 +113196,88 @@
                   },
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+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "category": "TopK",
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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+                          "params": {
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@@ -112029,37 +113293,6 @@
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@@ -112068,99 +113301,51 @@
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@@ -112176,12 +113361,9 @@
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@@ -112210,15 +113392,15 @@
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@@ -112234,12 +113416,9 @@
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@@ -112268,15 +113447,15 @@
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@@ -112292,12 +113471,9 @@
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@@ -112326,15 +113502,15 @@
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@@ -112350,12 +113526,9 @@
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@@ -112384,15 +113557,15 @@
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@@ -112408,12 +113581,9 @@
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@@ -112442,12 +113612,12 @@
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@@ -112500,12 +113670,12 @@
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@@ -112555,12 +113725,12 @@
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@@ -112606,7 +113776,7 @@
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@@ -112961,7 +114131,7 @@
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@@ -113069,15 +114239,16 @@
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@@ -113099,9 +114270,12 @@
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@@ -113131,18 +114305,31 @@
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@@ -113163,12 +114350,9 @@
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -113197,103 +114381,187 @@
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@@ -113337,27 +114605,18 @@
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@@ -113370,12 +114629,9 @@
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@@ -113404,40 +114660,18 @@
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@@ -113481,26 +114715,18 @@
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@@ -113544,27 +114770,18 @@
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@@ -113577,12 +114794,9 @@
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@@ -113611,40 +114825,18 @@
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@@ -113688,26 +114880,18 @@
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@@ -113751,27 +114935,18 @@
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@@ -113784,12 +114959,9 @@
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@@ -113818,40 +114990,18 @@
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@@ -113895,26 +115045,18 @@
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@@ -113958,27 +115100,18 @@
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@@ -113991,12 +115124,9 @@
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@@ -114025,40 +115155,18 @@
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@@ -114102,26 +115210,18 @@
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@@ -114165,27 +115265,18 @@
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@@ -114198,12 +115289,9 @@
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@@ -114232,40 +115320,18 @@
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@@ -114278,12 +115344,9 @@
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@@ -114312,29 +115375,18 @@
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@@ -114378,116 +115430,36 @@
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@@ -114503,56 +115475,22 @@
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@@ -114602,12 +115540,12 @@
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@@ -114657,12 +115595,12 @@
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@@ -114712,12 +115650,12 @@
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@@ -114767,14 +115705,14 @@
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@@ -114791,9 +115729,12 @@
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@@ -114822,12 +115763,12 @@
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@@ -114836,6 +115777,25 @@
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@@ -114846,43 +115806,33 @@
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@@ -114895,9 +115845,12 @@
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@@ -114926,596 +115879,14 @@
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@@ -115532,9 +115903,12 @@
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@@ -115563,14 +115937,14 @@
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@@ -115587,9 +115961,12 @@
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@@ -115618,14 +115995,14 @@
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@@ -115642,9 +116019,12 @@
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@@ -115673,14 +116053,14 @@
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@@ -115697,9 +116077,12 @@
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@@ -115728,12 +116111,12 @@
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@@ -115783,12 +116166,12 @@
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@@ -115834,7 +116217,7 @@
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@@ -116301,12 +116684,11 @@
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@@ -116318,6 +116700,22 @@
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@@ -116328,77 +116726,33 @@
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@@ -116412,75 +116766,82 @@
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@@ -116524,18 +116885,26 @@
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@@ -116579,18 +116948,27 @@
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@@ -116604,8 +116982,8 @@
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@@ -116637,18 +117015,40 @@
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@@ -116692,18 +117092,26 @@
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@@ -116747,18 +117155,27 @@
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@@ -116771,9 +117188,12 @@
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@@ -116802,18 +117222,40 @@
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@@ -116857,18 +117299,26 @@
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@@ -116912,15 +117362,106 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -116971,56 +117512,11 @@
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-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 4,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -117028,7 +117524,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -117080,11 +117576,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 17,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -117092,7 +117588,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -117107,8 +117603,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -117147,11 +117643,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 18,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
@@ -117172,7 +117668,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -117222,19 +117718,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 4,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -117245,16 +117761,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -117265,23 +117782,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 20,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -117289,7 +117795,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 22,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -117303,9 +117809,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -117335,69 +117844,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
-                    }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -117411,9 +117889,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -117443,25 +117924,27 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -117511,47 +117994,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 6,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 23
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
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-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -117562,89 +118017,118 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Sort": {
-                    "child": 7,
-                    "keys": [
-                      {
-                        "ascending": false,
-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
                         },
-                        "nulls_first": false
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
-                    ],
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -117653,27 +118137,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Limit": {
-                    "child": 8,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
                   }
                 }
               }
             }
           ],
           "roots": [
-            4,
-            9
+            3,
+            26
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L12",
-        "id": "P12",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact"
+        "from_logical": "L9",
+        "id": "P9",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -117791,7 +118275,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -117808,12 +118292,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -117847,10 +118328,10 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -117897,15 +118378,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
+              "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -117954,13 +118435,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -118009,13 +118490,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -118031,12 +118512,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -118065,15 +118543,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -118122,13 +118600,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 8,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -118177,14 +118655,16 @@
               },
               "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -118228,71 +118708,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
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-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 12,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -118336,27 +118763,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 11,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -118369,12 +118787,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -118403,40 +118818,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 14,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -118480,80 +118873,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
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@@ -118597,71 +118928,18 @@
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@@ -118705,27 +118983,18 @@
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@@ -118738,12 +119007,9 @@
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@@ -118772,40 +119038,18 @@
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@@ -118849,22 +119093,18 @@
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@@ -118908,34 +119148,18 @@
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@@ -118979,41 +119203,15 @@
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@@ -119060,15 +119258,15 @@
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@@ -119115,15 +119313,15 @@
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@@ -119140,8 +119338,8 @@
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@@ -119173,15 +119371,15 @@
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@@ -119197,9 +119395,12 @@
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@@ -119228,15 +119429,15 @@
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@@ -119252,9 +119453,12 @@
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@@ -119283,15 +119487,15 @@
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@@ -119307,9 +119511,12 @@
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@@ -119338,15 +119545,15 @@
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@@ -119362,9 +119569,12 @@
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@@ -119393,15 +119603,15 @@
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@@ -119417,9 +119627,12 @@
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@@ -119448,14 +119661,14 @@
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@@ -119472,9 +119685,12 @@
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@@ -119503,12 +119719,12 @@
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@@ -119558,36 +119774,20 @@
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@@ -119598,33 +119798,43 @@
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@@ -119668,18 +119878,71 @@
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@@ -119723,18 +119986,27 @@
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@@ -119778,36 +120050,35 @@
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+                    "measures": [
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@@ -119818,33 +120089,52 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -119888,18 +120178,71 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -119943,18 +120286,26 @@
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@@ -119998,18 +120349,27 @@
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@@ -120022,9 +120382,12 @@
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@@ -120053,18 +120416,40 @@
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@@ -120108,18 +120493,26 @@
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@@ -120163,18 +120556,27 @@
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@@ -120187,9 +120589,12 @@
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -120218,18 +120623,40 @@
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@@ -120242,12 +120669,9 @@
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@@ -120276,18 +120700,26 @@
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@@ -120300,12 +120732,9 @@
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@@ -120334,18 +120763,27 @@
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@@ -120392,18 +120830,40 @@
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@@ -120416,12 +120876,9 @@
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@@ -120450,18 +120907,26 @@
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@@ -120474,12 +120939,9 @@
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@@ -120508,18 +120970,27 @@
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@@ -120566,18 +121037,40 @@
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@@ -120590,12 +121083,9 @@
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@@ -120624,18 +121114,26 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -120679,18 +121177,27 @@
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@@ -120703,9 +121210,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -120734,15 +121244,39 @@
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@@ -120789,60 +121323,15 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                   }
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@@ -120850,7 +121339,7 @@
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@@ -120897,16 +121386,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
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@@ -120914,7 +121403,7 @@
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@@ -120929,8 +121418,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -120964,16 +121453,16 @@
               },
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                        "Rate"
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@@ -120994,7 +121483,7 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -121008,9 +121497,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -121040,23 +121532,46 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -121067,16 +121582,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -121086,54 +121602,22 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 23
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                  },
-                  {
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-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
                     "name": "job",
                     "nullable": true,
@@ -121141,77 +121625,77 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
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-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
                         },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -121219,48 +121703,40 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -121269,21 +121745,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 0
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            3,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L9",
+        "id": "P9-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121327,27 +121821,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
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-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121360,12 +121845,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -121394,40 +121876,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+              "producer": 1,
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121471,26 +121931,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121534,27 +121986,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -121567,12 +122010,9 @@
                   },
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -121601,40 +122041,18 @@
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -121678,26 +122096,18 @@
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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-                }
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121741,27 +122151,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -121774,12 +122175,9 @@
                   },
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -121808,40 +122206,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121885,26 +122261,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121948,27 +122316,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -121981,12 +122340,9 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -122015,40 +122371,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122092,26 +122426,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122155,27 +122481,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                   {
@@ -122188,12 +122505,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
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+                    "name": "value",
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                   },
@@ -122222,40 +122536,18 @@
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-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 14,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 16,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122299,26 +122591,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 17,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122362,27 +122646,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 18,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122395,12 +122670,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -122429,40 +122701,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 17,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 19,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122475,12 +122725,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -122509,29 +122756,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "children": [
-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 18,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 20,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122575,22 +122811,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 21,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "child": 24
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122634,34 +122866,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 20,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 22,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Sort": {
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-                    "keys": [
-                      {
-                        "ascending": false,
-                        "expr": {
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-                        "nulls_first": false
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-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -122705,40 +122921,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "partition_by": [
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-            27
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
-          "edges": [
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
             {
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+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -122755,9 +122945,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -122786,14 +122979,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -122810,9 +123003,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -122841,12 +123037,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 1,
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               "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -122866,8 +123062,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -122899,14 +123095,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 2,
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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@@ -122923,9 +123119,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -122954,15 +123153,15 @@
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -122978,9 +123177,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -123009,15 +123211,15 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -123033,9 +123235,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -123064,15 +123269,15 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -123088,9 +123293,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -123119,15 +123327,15 @@
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -123174,15 +123382,15 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -123190,57 +123398,51 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
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                     "table": null
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-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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+              "producer": 25,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
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             {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123284,18 +123486,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123339,18 +123594,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
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+              "id": 2,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123394,36 +123658,35 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
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-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -123434,33 +123697,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 2,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "col": null,
+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
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+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 4,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123504,18 +123786,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                        }
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123559,18 +123894,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 0
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123614,18 +123957,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123638,9 +123991,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -123669,18 +124025,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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             {
-              "consumer": 19,
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123724,18 +124102,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123779,18 +124165,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123803,9 +124199,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -123834,18 +124233,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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             {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -123889,18 +124310,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -123944,18 +124373,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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-              },
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124002,76 +124441,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    },
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
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                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
                         "Sum"
                       ]
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124084,12 +124487,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -124118,18 +124518,26 @@
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                 ]
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-              "producer": 14,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
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             {
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124142,12 +124550,9 @@
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                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -124176,18 +124581,28 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                      "secs": 10
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "kept": true,
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124234,76 +124649,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
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+                    "family": {
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                         "Sum"
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-                  {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124316,12 +124695,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -124350,18 +124726,26 @@
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-              "producer": 24,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124405,18 +124789,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 25,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 27,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -124429,9 +124823,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -124460,15 +124857,39 @@
                   ]
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               },
-              "producer": 26,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -124519,56 +124940,11 @@
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "name": "value",
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-                          "name": "job",
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-                          0
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-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -124576,7 +124952,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -124628,11 +125004,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 20,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -124640,7 +125016,8 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -124655,8 +125032,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -124695,11 +125072,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 21,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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                     "filter": null,
@@ -124720,7 +125097,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -124734,9 +125111,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -124766,23 +125146,46 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "child": 2
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -124793,16 +125196,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -124812,51 +125216,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -124867,77 +125239,77 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "table": null
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-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
                         },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
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                   }
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@@ -124945,71 +125317,81 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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+                    1
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                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 0
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      }
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                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            3,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L9",
+        "id": "P9-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125053,27 +125435,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
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+              "producer": 0,
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125086,12 +125459,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -125120,40 +125490,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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             {
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-              "id": 9,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125197,26 +125545,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      "offset_ms": 10000
-                    }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 10,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125260,27 +125600,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-                    }
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             {
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-              "id": 11,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125293,12 +125624,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -125327,39 +125655,66 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      }
+                    "name": "job",
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+                  {
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+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+              "producer": 6,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
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+              "id": 0,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -125406,15 +125761,60 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -125422,7 +125822,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 13,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -125469,16 +125869,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 12,
+                    "child": 0,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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                   }
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@@ -125486,7 +125886,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -125500,12 +125900,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -125535,30 +125932,23 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "rate"
                       }
-                    },
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
                     "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
@@ -125566,7 +125956,65 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
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+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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+                    "name": "sum",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
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+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
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+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
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+                    "reduction": {
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+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
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+              }
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+            {
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+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -125613,15 +126061,60 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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@@ -125629,7 +126122,7 @@
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@@ -125676,16 +126169,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -125693,29 +126186,10 @@
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@@ -125726,118 +126200,159 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
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+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
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                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
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-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 40000
-                    }
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+                      }
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               }
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+            7
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+        "id": "P10",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 whole-expression CMS+heap"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125881,27 +126396,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -125914,12 +126420,9 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -125948,40 +126451,18 @@
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-                      }
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@@ -126025,26 +126506,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -126088,27 +126561,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -126121,12 +126585,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -126155,39 +126616,174 @@
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                     },
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+                  },
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+                    "dtype": {
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+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
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+                      }
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -126201,12 +126797,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -126236,27 +126829,25 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
-                    ]
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -126306,16 +126897,85 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
+                      }
+                    ],
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+                    ],
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": true,
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+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
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+                    "reduction": {
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+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -126366,27 +127026,64 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Sort": {
-                    "child": 25,
-                    "keys": [
-                      {
-                        "ascending": false,
-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
                         },
-                        "nulls_first": false
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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                       }
-                    ],
-                    "partition_by": [
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-                    ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
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+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -126437,26 +127134,174 @@
               },
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-                    "child": 26,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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+                  }
+                }
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+                    "nullable": true,
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+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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+                ]
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
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+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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                   }
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               }
             }
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           "roots": [
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-            27
+            3,
+            7
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-        "id": "P14-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L11",
+        "id": "P11",
+        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 whole-expression CountSketch+heap"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -126852,13 +127697,29 @@
             {
               "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -126869,29 +127730,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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                     "table": null
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -127520,6 +128369,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -127530,78 +128395,41 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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                     0
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+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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                     "child": 7,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
+                    "keys": [
+                      {
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+                        "expr": {
+                          "Column": 1
                         },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
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-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": {
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-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "nulls_first": false
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    ],
+                    "partition_by": [
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               }
@@ -127614,34 +128442,42 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
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                   },
                   {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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+                    "nullable": true,
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+                  },
+                  {
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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-                    1
+                    3,
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                 ]
               },
@@ -127650,14 +128486,14 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 8
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -127668,9 +128504,9 @@
             9
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L15",
-        "id": "P15",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap"
+        "from_logical": "L12",
+        "id": "P12",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -128124,60 +128960,11 @@
             {
               "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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-                    "table": null
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -128221,70 +129008,123 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
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-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          "nullable": false,
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-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
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-                      }
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
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+                        },
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+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                          0
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                 "fields": [
@@ -128858,171 +129698,6 @@
               "guarantee": null,
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-                          "category": "TopK",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
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-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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                   {
@@ -129066,131 +129741,34 @@
                   ]
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                   {
@@ -129234,67 +129812,38 @@
                   ]
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+                          },
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+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                          0
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -132595,6 +133426,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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                   {
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@@ -132605,78 +133452,41 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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                     "child": 25,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
+                    "keys": [
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+                        "expr": {
+                          "Column": 1
                         },
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-                    "input": {
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-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    ],
+                    "partition_by": [
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               }
@@ -132689,34 +133499,42 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
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-                    "nullable": true,
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     },
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                     "table": null
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@@ -132725,14 +133543,14 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                      }
-                    },
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+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
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@@ -132743,9 +133561,9 @@
             27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L17",
-        "id": "P17",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
+        "from_logical": "L14",
+        "id": "P14",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -134427,60 +135245,11 @@
             {
               "consumer": 27,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                          "category": "TopK",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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                   {
@@ -134524,70 +135293,123 @@
                   ]
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-                      }
-                    }
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
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+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
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+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                 "fields": [
@@ -136328,171 +137150,6 @@
               "guarantee": null,
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-                          "category": "TopK",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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                   {
@@ -136536,18 +137193,34 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "keys": [
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+                        "expr": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -136591,14 +137264,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
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+                    "n": 10,
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+                    "partition_by": [
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+              }
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+            4,
+            27
+          ]
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+        "from_logical": "L14",
+        "id": "P14-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -136615,12 +137314,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -136649,12 +137345,12 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -136704,14 +137400,14 @@
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -136728,9 +137424,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -136759,12 +137458,12 @@
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@@ -136814,12 +137513,12 @@
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@@ -136869,67 +137568,18 @@
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-                          "category": "TopK",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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@@ -136973,71 +137623,18 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -137081,27 +137678,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 7,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -137114,12 +137702,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -137148,40 +137733,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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+                "fields": [
+                  {
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                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
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                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                   }
-                }
-              }
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -137225,24 +137843,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 10,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 12,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -137253,52 +137883,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
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-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -137342,71 +137953,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 14,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
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                   }
-                }
-              }
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+                ]
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 15,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -137450,27 +138063,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 16,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -137514,36 +138118,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 15,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 17,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -137554,88 +138158,106 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "producer": 16,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 18,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
+                    "name": "ts",
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+                  {
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                     },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
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+                    0
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+                ]
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+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 19,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                  {
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+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -137651,6 +138273,37 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 18,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 20,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
@@ -137659,48 +138312,93 @@
                     "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
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                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
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                     },
-                    "summary_input": 8
+                    "name": "ts",
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+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                   }
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-            9
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-        "id": "P18",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
-          "edges": [
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
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+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
             {
-              "consumer": 1,
+              "consumer": 22,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -137750,12 +138448,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -137805,12 +138503,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
+              "producer": 22,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 3,
+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -137830,8 +138528,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -137863,14 +138561,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
+              "producer": 8,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -137887,9 +138585,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -137918,14 +138619,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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+              "producer": 11,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 6,
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -137942,9 +138643,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -137973,14 +138677,14 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -137997,9 +138701,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -138028,12 +138735,12 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -138086,12 +138793,128 @@
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             {
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+              "consumer": 24,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 25,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+            {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -138141,20 +138964,36 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 8,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 27,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -138165,34 +139004,22 @@
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             }
@@ -138728,12 +139555,75 @@
               },
               "payload": {
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
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@@ -138741,7 +139631,8 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -138796,7 +139687,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 7,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -138821,7 +139712,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -138871,19 +139762,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
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             {
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -138894,159 +139805,123 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                     "table": null
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                    "nullable": false,
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                   {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                        "Sum"
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-      },
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             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139090,18 +139965,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139145,18 +140028,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
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+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139170,8 +140063,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
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@@ -139203,18 +140096,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139258,18 +140173,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139313,18 +140236,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 5,
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139337,9 +140270,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -139368,18 +140304,40 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139423,18 +140381,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139478,18 +140444,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+                }
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -139502,9 +140478,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -139533,18 +140512,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
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@@ -139588,18 +140589,26 @@
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@@ -139643,18 +140652,28 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -139667,9 +140686,12 @@
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@@ -139698,18 +140720,40 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -139722,9 +140766,12 @@
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@@ -139753,18 +140800,29 @@
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@@ -139808,18 +140866,22 @@
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@@ -139863,18 +140925,34 @@
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@@ -139918,12 +140996,38 @@
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@@ -139973,12 +141077,12 @@
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@@ -140028,14 +141132,14 @@
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@@ -140052,9 +141156,12 @@
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@@ -140083,12 +141190,12 @@
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@@ -140138,12 +141245,12 @@
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@@ -140193,12 +141300,12 @@
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@@ -140248,14 +141355,14 @@
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@@ -140272,12 +141379,9 @@
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@@ -140306,12 +141410,12 @@
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@@ -140320,25 +141424,6 @@
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@@ -140349,33 +141434,43 @@
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@@ -140388,12 +141483,9 @@
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@@ -140422,18 +141514,71 @@
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@@ -140446,12 +141591,9 @@
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@@ -140480,18 +141622,27 @@
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@@ -140505,8 +141656,8 @@
                   {
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@@ -140538,18 +141689,40 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -140562,12 +141735,9 @@
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@@ -140596,39 +141766,24 @@
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@@ -140639,33 +141794,52 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -140709,112 +141883,8 @@
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@@ -140876,7 +141946,7 @@
             },
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@@ -140928,7 +141998,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -140940,87 +142010,7 @@
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@@ -141070,16 +142060,28 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -141093,9 +142095,22 @@
                   },
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@@ -141108,24 +142123,45 @@
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+                          "category": "TopK",
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                         2
@@ -141137,48 +142173,40 @@
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                   {
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@@ -141187,66 +142215,39 @@
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -141290,26 +142291,18 @@
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@@ -141353,27 +142346,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -141387,8 +142371,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
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@@ -141420,40 +142404,18 @@
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@@ -141497,26 +142459,18 @@
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@@ -141560,27 +142514,18 @@
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@@ -141593,12 +142538,9 @@
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@@ -141627,40 +142569,18 @@
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@@ -141673,9 +142593,12 @@
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -141704,26 +142627,18 @@
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@@ -141767,48 +142682,20 @@
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+              "data_state": {
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@@ -141819,54 +142706,42 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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@@ -141917,11 +142792,56 @@
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-                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                  "Scan": {
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+                        {
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                      }
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -141929,7 +142849,7 @@
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@@ -141981,11 +142901,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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+                    "child": 0,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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@@ -141993,7 +142913,7 @@
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@@ -142008,8 +142928,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -142048,11 +142968,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 16,
+                    "child": 1,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate",
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@@ -142073,7 +142993,7 @@
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+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -142123,39 +143043,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 40000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 2
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -142166,17 +143066,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -142187,100 +143086,31 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 18,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 19,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 3,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "col": null,
+                        "kind": "sum"
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -142331,11 +143161,56 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -142343,7 +143218,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
+              "id": 6,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -142395,11 +143270,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 5,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
+                      "secs": 60
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -142407,7 +143282,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 7,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -142462,7 +143337,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 22,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -142487,7 +143362,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
+              "id": 8,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -142501,12 +143376,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -142536,108 +143408,42 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
-                    ]
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 7
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 9,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 24
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -142663,17 +143469,17 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 25,
+                    "child": 8,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -142707,7 +143513,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
+              "id": 10,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -142756,7 +143562,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 26
+                    "summary_input": 9
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -142764,12 +143570,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
-            27
+            10
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L20",
-        "id": "P20",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
+        "from_logical": "L16",
+        "id": "P16",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -143001,7 +143807,7 @@
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143050,13 +143856,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143105,13 +143911,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143160,13 +143966,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143215,13 +144021,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143270,13 +144076,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 11,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143325,13 +144131,178 @@
               },
               "producer": 10,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 12,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+                ]
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+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 14,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+                ]
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+              "producer": 13,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 15,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143380,178 +144351,13 @@
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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-                    "table": null
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-            {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
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-                  {
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-                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                  {
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-                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    0
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-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 16,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143600,13 +144406,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 15,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 17,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143655,13 +144461,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 16,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 18,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143710,13 +144516,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 19,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143765,13 +144571,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 18,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 20,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143820,13 +144626,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 19,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 21,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143875,13 +144681,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 22,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143930,13 +144736,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -143985,13 +144791,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 22,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -144049,7 +144855,7 @@
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -144107,7 +144913,7 @@
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -144165,7 +144971,7 @@
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -144223,7 +145029,7 @@
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -144281,7 +145087,7 @@
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -144470,13 +145276,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -144919,7 +145725,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145027,7 +145833,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145090,7 +145896,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145157,7 +145963,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -145234,7 +146040,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145297,7 +146103,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145364,7 +146170,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -145441,7 +146247,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145504,7 +146310,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145571,7 +146377,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -145648,7 +146454,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145711,7 +146517,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145778,7 +146584,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -145855,7 +146661,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145918,7 +146724,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -145985,7 +146791,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -146062,7 +146868,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -146125,7 +146931,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -146192,7 +146998,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -146366,13 +147172,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -146402,13 +147208,13 @@
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -146502,9 +147308,9 @@
             27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L20",
-        "id": "P20-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L17",
+        "id": "P17",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -146736,7 +147542,7 @@
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -146785,13 +147591,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -146840,65 +147646,16 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -146942,71 +147699,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 7,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 9,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -147050,107 +147754,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -147194,24 +147809,91 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 9,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 10,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 12,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -147222,52 +147904,88 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -147311,71 +148029,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        },
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-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
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-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
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-                        {
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-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
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                     },
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-                    }
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-                }
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             {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -147419,29 +148139,91 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 5,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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+                "fields": [
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                   }
-                }
-              }
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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@@ -147452,88 +148234,106 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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                     "table": null
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-                    "family": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
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             },
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-              "guarantee": null,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -147549,6 +148349,37 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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@@ -147557,51 +148388,96 @@
                     "name": "value",
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-                      }
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@@ -147648,15 +148524,73 @@
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@@ -147672,9 +148606,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -147703,15 +148640,15 @@
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@@ -147728,8 +148665,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -147761,15 +148698,15 @@
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@@ -147785,9 +148722,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -147816,14 +148756,130 @@
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+                "fields": [
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -147840,9 +148896,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -147871,12 +148930,12 @@
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -147926,12 +148985,12 @@
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -147952,13 +149011,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
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                         },
@@ -147977,7 +149036,7 @@
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@@ -148401,7 +149460,7 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -148509,16 +149568,15 @@
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@@ -148530,6 +149588,22 @@
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@@ -148540,77 +149614,33 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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@@ -148624,75 +149654,82 @@
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@@ -148736,18 +149773,26 @@
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@@ -148791,18 +149836,27 @@
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@@ -148815,9 +149869,12 @@
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@@ -148846,20 +149903,58 @@
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@@ -148870,35 +149965,41 @@
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@@ -148942,18 +150043,27 @@
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@@ -148966,9 +150076,12 @@
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@@ -148997,18 +150110,40 @@
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@@ -149052,18 +150187,26 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -149107,15 +150250,26 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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@@ -149129,9 +150283,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -149161,69 +150318,38 @@
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@@ -149270,16 +150396,15 @@
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@@ -149287,7 +150412,7 @@
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@@ -149334,39 +150459,33 @@
               },
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-                        "kind": "rate"
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-                    ],
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-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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                   {
@@ -149379,23 +150498,40 @@
                     "name": "state",
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                 "ASAP": {
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                     "family": {
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@@ -149413,21 +150549,33 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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-                        2
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@@ -149438,35 +150586,40 @@
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@@ -149513,60 +150666,16 @@
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-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -149574,7 +150683,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -149588,9 +150697,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -149620,25 +150732,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 5,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -149652,9 +150777,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -149684,32 +150812,27 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -149759,47 +150882,111 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
-                        },
-                        "nulls_first": false
-                      }
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-                    "partition_by": [
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+                "ASAP": {
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             },
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               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
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+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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+                      ]
+                    }
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+                "fields": [
                   {
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@@ -149815,13 +151002,21 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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-                    3,
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@@ -149830,14 +151025,14 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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-                  "Limit": {
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-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
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-                    ]
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
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@@ -149845,12 +151040,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
-            9
+            27
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         },
-        "from_logical": "L23",
-        "id": "P23",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact"
+        "from_logical": "L17",
+        "id": "P17-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -149968,7 +151163,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -149985,9 +151180,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -150023,13 +151221,29 @@
             {
               "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  },
                   {
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@@ -150040,19 +151254,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -150174,7 +151386,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 8,
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -150191,12 +151403,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -150280,7 +151489,7 @@
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@@ -150338,13 +151547,15 @@
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-            }
-          ],
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-              "output_schema": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -150388,71 +151599,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
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-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
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-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -150496,27 +151654,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -150560,102 +151709,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "measures": [
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
-                  }
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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-            {
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-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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@@ -150666,36 +151749,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 13,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -150739,71 +151819,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                  "Scan": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        {
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-                          "table": null
-                        },
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -150847,27 +151874,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -150880,12 +151898,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -150914,40 +151929,18 @@
                   ]
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-                "ASAP": {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 16,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -150991,22 +151984,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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@@ -151050,34 +152039,18 @@
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@@ -151121,38 +152094,12 @@
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@@ -151202,12 +152149,12 @@
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@@ -151257,12 +152204,12 @@
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@@ -151312,12 +152259,12 @@
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@@ -151328,10 +152275,10 @@
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                    "nullable": true,
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@@ -151344,23 +152291,40 @@
                     "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -151377,9 +152341,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -151408,14 +152375,14 @@
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@@ -151432,9 +152399,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -151463,14 +152433,14 @@
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@@ -151487,9 +152457,12 @@
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -151518,14 +152491,14 @@
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@@ -151542,9 +152515,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -151573,14 +152549,14 @@
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@@ -151597,9 +152573,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -151628,14 +152607,14 @@
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@@ -151652,9 +152631,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -151683,12 +152665,12 @@
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@@ -151738,36 +152720,20 @@
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@@ -151778,33 +152744,43 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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@@ -151848,18 +152824,71 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                          "dtype": {
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+                          "table": null
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+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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@@ -151903,18 +152932,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 60
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -151927,9 +152965,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -151958,18 +152999,40 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152013,18 +153076,80 @@
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-              "producer": 16,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
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             },
             {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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@@ -152068,18 +153193,71 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152123,18 +153301,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152178,18 +153364,28 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152202,9 +153398,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -152233,18 +153432,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -152288,18 +153509,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -152343,18 +153572,28 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -152401,18 +153640,40 @@
                   ]
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-            {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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                   {
@@ -152425,12 +153686,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -152459,18 +153717,26 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
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-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -152483,12 +153749,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -152517,18 +153780,28 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                   {
@@ -152575,18 +153848,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152599,12 +153894,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -152633,18 +153925,26 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152657,12 +153957,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -152691,18 +153988,28 @@
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152749,18 +154056,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152804,18 +154133,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 25,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 27,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -152859,15 +154196,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 26,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
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             {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -152881,9 +154230,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -152913,69 +154265,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          "table": null
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-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -153026,12 +154347,11 @@
               },
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 60
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -153039,7 +154359,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -153090,35 +154410,30 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
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+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
@@ -153131,11 +154446,28 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -153147,7 +154479,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 2,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -153165,21 +154497,36 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -153190,35 +154537,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 3
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -153268,84 +154623,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                          "table": null
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-                          0
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-                      }
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -153356,32 +154646,77 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 0
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 25,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -153389,48 +154724,40 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
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@@ -153439,22 +154766,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      }
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                 }
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-            },
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+          ],
+          "roots": [
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+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L17",
+        "id": "P17-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
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-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -153467,12 +154811,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -153501,40 +154842,18 @@
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -153578,26 +154897,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 10000
-                    }
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-              "id": 10,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                   {
@@ -153610,9 +154921,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -153641,27 +154955,18 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -153674,12 +154979,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -153708,40 +155010,18 @@
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-                      }
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-                }
-              }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 12,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -153785,26 +155065,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -153848,27 +155120,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -153881,12 +155144,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -153915,39 +155175,66 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "dtype": {
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                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "name": "state",
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                ]
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+              "producer": 8,
+              "role": "Input",
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -153998,11 +155285,56 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
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+                      }
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -154010,7 +155342,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 1,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -154062,11 +155394,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
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+                    "child": 0,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
+                      "secs": 60
                     }
                   }
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@@ -154074,7 +155406,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -154089,8 +155421,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -154129,11 +155461,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 16,
+                    "child": 1,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
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                     "filter": null,
@@ -154154,7 +155486,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -154204,39 +155536,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 40000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -154247,17 +155559,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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@@ -154268,12 +155579,23 @@
               },
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-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 18,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
+                  "Aggregate": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "col": null,
+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -154281,7 +155603,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -154295,12 +155617,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -154330,38 +155649,69 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 19,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                          3,
+                          0
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                    "source": {
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                       }
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                 }
               }
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -154412,11 +155762,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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+                  "TimeRange": {
                     "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -154424,7 +155775,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 7,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -154475,42 +155826,30 @@
               },
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                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 21,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                  "Aggregate": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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                   }
                 }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -154521,17 +155860,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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                 ]
@@ -154543,102 +155894,125 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 22,
+                    "child": 7,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
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@@ -154682,22 +156056,18 @@
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@@ -154741,34 +156111,18 @@
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@@ -154781,9 +156135,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -154812,38 +156169,12 @@
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@@ -154893,12 +156224,12 @@
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@@ -154948,12 +156279,12 @@
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@@ -155003,12 +156334,12 @@
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@@ -155019,10 +156350,10 @@
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@@ -155035,24 +156366,41 @@
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@@ -155099,18 +156447,67 @@
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+                          "category": "TopK",
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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@@ -155154,18 +156551,71 @@
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@@ -155209,18 +156659,27 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -155233,9 +156692,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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@@ -155264,18 +156726,40 @@
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@@ -155319,18 +156803,80 @@
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             {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "having": null,
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@@ -155374,18 +156920,71 @@
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@@ -155429,18 +157028,107 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -155484,15 +157172,184 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                          "category": "TopK",
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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@@ -156058,12 +157918,9 @@
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@@ -156116,12 +157973,9 @@
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@@ -156150,15 +158004,15 @@
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@@ -156174,12 +158028,9 @@
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@@ -156208,15 +158059,15 @@
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@@ -156232,12 +158083,9 @@
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@@ -156266,15 +158114,15 @@
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@@ -156290,12 +158138,9 @@
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@@ -156324,15 +158169,15 @@
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@@ -156348,12 +158193,9 @@
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@@ -156382,14 +158224,14 @@
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@@ -156406,12 +158248,9 @@
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@@ -156440,12 +158279,12 @@
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@@ -156495,12 +158334,12 @@
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@@ -156550,16 +158389,18 @@
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@@ -156603,71 +158444,18 @@
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@@ -156711,27 +158499,18 @@
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@@ -156775,41 +158554,26 @@
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@@ -156822,55 +158586,7 @@
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@@ -156881,36 +158597,33 @@
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -156923,9 +158636,12 @@
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@@ -156954,71 +158670,18 @@
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@@ -157031,9 +158694,12 @@
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@@ -157062,26 +158728,18 @@
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@@ -157094,9 +158752,12 @@
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@@ -157125,27 +158786,18 @@
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@@ -157192,40 +158844,18 @@
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@@ -157238,9 +158868,12 @@
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@@ -157269,26 +158902,18 @@
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@@ -157301,9 +158926,12 @@
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@@ -157332,27 +158960,18 @@
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@@ -157365,12 +158984,9 @@
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@@ -157399,39 +159015,66 @@
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+                          "category": "TopK",
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@@ -157478,15 +159121,60 @@
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@@ -157494,7 +159182,7 @@
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@@ -157541,16 +159229,16 @@
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@@ -157558,7 +159246,7 @@
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@@ -157573,8 +159261,8 @@
                   {
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+                        "Rate",
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@@ -157608,16 +159296,16 @@
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@@ -157638,7 +159326,7 @@
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@@ -157685,42 +159373,22 @@
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@@ -157731,33 +159399,43 @@
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@@ -157765,7 +159443,7 @@
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@@ -157779,12 +159457,9 @@
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@@ -157814,38 +159489,69 @@
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@@ -157892,7 +159598,7 @@
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@@ -157900,7 +159606,7 @@
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@@ -157908,7 +159614,7 @@
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@@ -157955,12 +159661,12 @@
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@@ -157972,7 +159678,7 @@
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@@ -158022,12 +159728,12 @@
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@@ -158052,7 +159758,7 @@
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@@ -158099,7 +159805,7 @@
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@@ -158107,7 +159813,7 @@
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@@ -158115,7 +159821,7 @@
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@@ -158162,12 +159868,12 @@
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@@ -158179,7 +159885,7 @@
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@@ -158229,12 +159935,12 @@
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@@ -158259,7 +159965,7 @@
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@@ -158273,12 +159979,9 @@
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@@ -158308,27 +160011,24 @@
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@@ -158378,16 +160078,21 @@
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@@ -158401,9 +160106,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -158433,32 +160141,38 @@
                 ]
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+                "ASAP": {
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@@ -158509,38 +160223,20 @@
               },
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-                    "n": 10,
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-                    "partition_by": [
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@@ -158584,73 +160280,27 @@
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@@ -158663,9 +160313,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -158694,59 +160347,40 @@
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                         "Sum",
                         "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -158790,18 +160424,26 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -158845,18 +160487,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                   {
@@ -158869,9 +160520,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -158900,66 +160554,39 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
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+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -159010,56 +160637,11 @@
               },
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                 "NonASAP": {
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-                          0
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-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -159067,7 +160649,7 @@
             },
             {
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -159119,11 +160701,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 21,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -159131,7 +160713,7 @@
             },
             {
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -159145,9 +160727,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -159176,62 +160761,6 @@
                   ]
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               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
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-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
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@@ -159239,7 +160768,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 2,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -159257,60 +160786,14 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
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-                        2
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-                    "nullable": true,
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -159324,117 +160807,12 @@
                   },
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "name": "ts",
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-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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-                        }
-                      ],
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
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-                      }
-                    }
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -159464,25 +160842,27 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "child": 5,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -159532,28 +160912,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -159569,13 +160937,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -159601,17 +160969,17 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -159645,7 +161013,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -159694,7 +161062,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 8
+                    "summary_input": 26
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -159702,12 +161070,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
-            9
+            27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L26",
-        "id": "P26",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap"
+        "from_logical": "L20",
+        "id": "P20",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
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@@ -159842,9 +161210,12 @@
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@@ -159897,19 +161284,17 @@
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@@ -160026,13 +161411,13 @@
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@@ -160048,12 +161433,9 @@
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@@ -160084,13 +161466,13 @@
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@@ -160137,20 +161519,36 @@
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@@ -160161,43 +161559,33 @@
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@@ -160241,71 +161629,18 @@
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@@ -160349,27 +161684,18 @@
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@@ -160413,102 +161739,36 @@
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@@ -160519,36 +161779,33 @@
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@@ -160592,71 +161849,18 @@
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@@ -160700,27 +161904,18 @@
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@@ -160733,12 +161928,9 @@
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@@ -160767,40 +161959,18 @@
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@@ -160844,116 +162014,36 @@
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@@ -160969,59 +162059,25 @@
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@@ -161068,15 +162124,15 @@
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@@ -161123,15 +162179,15 @@
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@@ -161178,56 +162234,15 @@
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@@ -161274,15 +162289,15 @@
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@@ -161298,9 +162313,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -161329,15 +162347,15 @@
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@@ -161353,9 +162371,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -161384,15 +162405,15 @@
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@@ -161408,9 +162429,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -161439,15 +162463,15 @@
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@@ -161463,9 +162487,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -161494,15 +162521,15 @@
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@@ -161518,9 +162545,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -161549,15 +162579,15 @@
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@@ -161573,9 +162603,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -161604,14 +162637,14 @@
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@@ -161628,9 +162661,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -161659,12 +162695,12 @@
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@@ -161714,36 +162750,20 @@
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -161754,33 +162774,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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                     },
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                     "table": null
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -161824,18 +162854,71 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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@@ -161879,18 +162962,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -161903,9 +162995,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -161934,18 +163029,40 @@
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
+                    },
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -161989,36 +163106,24 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -162029,33 +163134,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -162099,18 +163223,71 @@
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          },
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+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -162154,18 +163331,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -162209,18 +163394,27 @@
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               },
-              "producer": 22,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -162267,76 +163461,40 @@
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-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                    "family": {
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                         "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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                     },
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-                    "nullable": false,
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                   }
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@@ -162349,12 +163507,9 @@
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@@ -162383,18 +163538,26 @@
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@@ -162407,12 +163570,9 @@
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@@ -162441,18 +163601,27 @@
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@@ -162499,18 +163668,40 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -162523,12 +163714,9 @@
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@@ -162557,18 +163745,26 @@
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@@ -162581,12 +163777,9 @@
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@@ -162615,18 +163808,27 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -162639,9 +163841,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -162670,66 +163875,39 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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@@ -162776,60 +163954,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -162837,7 +163970,7 @@
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@@ -162884,16 +164017,16 @@
               },
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@@ -162901,7 +164034,7 @@
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@@ -162915,9 +164048,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -162946,70 +164082,14 @@
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                     "family": {
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                         "Sum",
@@ -163027,168 +164107,14 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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@@ -163235,7 +164161,7 @@
               },
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@@ -163243,7 +164169,7 @@
                     "child": 5,
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@@ -163251,7 +164177,7 @@
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@@ -163298,12 +164224,12 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -163315,7 +164241,7 @@
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@@ -163365,12 +164291,12 @@
               },
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@@ -163395,7 +164321,7 @@
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@@ -163442,7 +164368,7 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -163450,7 +164376,7 @@
                     "child": 5,
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@@ -163458,7 +164384,7 @@
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@@ -163505,12 +164431,12 @@
               },
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@@ -163522,7 +164448,7 @@
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@@ -163572,12 +164498,12 @@
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@@ -163602,7 +164528,7 @@
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@@ -163616,9 +164542,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -163648,24 +164577,27 @@
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@@ -163715,43 +164647,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -163762,17 +164670,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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@@ -163784,73 +164704,84 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 13,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
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+                      ]
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
-                    0
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+                    1
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@@ -163859,21 +164790,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  "TimeShift": {
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-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 30000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      }
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                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
+            }
+          ],
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+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L20",
+        "id": "P20-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
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             {
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-              "id": 16,
-              "output_schema": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -163917,27 +164866,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-            {
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-              "id": 17,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -163950,12 +164890,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -163984,40 +164921,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
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-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164030,9 +164945,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -164061,26 +164979,18 @@
                   ]
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               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    }
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-                }
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-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164124,27 +165034,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
-                }
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-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164157,12 +165058,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -164191,40 +165089,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
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             {
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-              "id": 21,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164268,26 +165144,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164331,27 +165199,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164364,12 +165223,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -164398,40 +165254,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164444,12 +165278,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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@@ -164478,29 +165309,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
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-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -164544,116 +165364,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                    "nullable": true,
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                          "category": "TopK",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
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-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-              "output_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -164669,56 +165409,22 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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                 ],
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
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-                "ASAP": {
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-                      }
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -164768,12 +165474,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -164823,12 +165529,12 @@
                   ]
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -164878,20 +165584,36 @@
                   ]
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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+              "consumer": 16,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
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@@ -164902,32 +165624,30 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -164974,15 +165694,15 @@
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+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -165029,15 +165749,15 @@
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@@ -165249,15 +165969,15 @@
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@@ -165304,15 +166024,15 @@
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@@ -165328,9 +166048,12 @@
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@@ -165359,15 +166082,15 @@
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@@ -165383,9 +166106,12 @@
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@@ -165414,15 +166140,15 @@
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@@ -165438,9 +166164,12 @@
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@@ -165469,15 +166198,15 @@
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@@ -165493,9 +166222,12 @@
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@@ -165524,15 +166256,15 @@
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@@ -165548,9 +166280,12 @@
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@@ -165579,15 +166314,15 @@
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@@ -165603,9 +166338,12 @@
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@@ -165634,15 +166372,15 @@
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@@ -165658,9 +166396,12 @@
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@@ -165689,15 +166430,15 @@
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@@ -165744,18 +166485,67 @@
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-                    },
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-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 24,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
                   }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 25,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+                }
+              }
             },
-            {
-              "consumer": 27,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
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-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 26,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
+              "id": 2,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -166443,9 +166730,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -166475,69 +166765,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
-                    }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -166587,40 +166846,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 2
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -166631,17 +166869,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -166653,80 +166890,18 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 3,
                     "filters": [],
                     "having": null,
                     "measures": [
                       {
-                        "kind": "rate"
+                        "col": null,
+                        "kind": "sum"
                       }
                     ],
                     "output_names": [
                       ""
                     ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 2,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
                     "reduction": {
                       "Reduce": [
                         2
@@ -166736,48 +166911,6 @@
                 }
               }
             },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "sum",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
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-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 3
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 5,
@@ -166827,7 +166960,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -166935,7 +167068,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -166998,7 +167131,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167016,6 +167149,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 8,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -167065,7 +167199,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -167142,7 +167276,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167205,7 +167339,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167223,6 +167357,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 11,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -167272,7 +167407,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -167349,7 +167484,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167412,7 +167547,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167430,6 +167565,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 14,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -167479,7 +167615,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -167556,7 +167692,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167619,7 +167755,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167637,6 +167773,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 17,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -167686,7 +167823,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -167763,7 +167900,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167826,7 +167963,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -167844,6 +167981,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 20,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -167893,7 +168031,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -167970,7 +168108,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -168033,7 +168171,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
@@ -168051,6 +168189,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 23,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -168100,7 +168239,7 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
@@ -168274,13 +168413,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -168310,13 +168449,13 @@
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -168410,9 +168549,9 @@
             27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L28",
-        "id": "P28-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L20",
+        "id": "P20-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -168530,7 +168669,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -168547,9 +168686,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -168584,47 +168726,6 @@
             },
             {
               "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -168674,12 +168775,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -168729,12 +168830,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 8,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -168784,12 +168885,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -168810,13 +168911,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -168835,7 +168936,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             }
@@ -169027,192 +169128,210 @@
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
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                     },
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
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@@ -169367,77 +169486,6 @@
             {
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@@ -169453,13 +169501,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
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+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
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                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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@@ -169485,17 +169533,17 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
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+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
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-                              "width": 30000
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@@ -169529,7 +169577,7 @@
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@@ -169578,7 +169626,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
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@@ -169586,12 +169634,12 @@
           ],
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+        "from_logical": "L21",
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 whole-expression CMS+heap"
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       {
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@@ -169709,7 +169757,7 @@
             {
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@@ -169726,9 +169774,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -169764,13 +169815,29 @@
             {
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               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
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@@ -169781,19 +169848,17 @@
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@@ -169919,119 +169984,6 @@
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@@ -170072,7 +170024,7 @@
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@@ -170266,9 +170218,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                        "Rate"
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@@ -170298,23 +170253,30 @@
                 ]
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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               },
               "payload": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -170326,6 +170288,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
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@@ -170336,53 +170314,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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@@ -170422,9 +170376,25 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
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@@ -170607,25 +170577,6 @@
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@@ -170636,17 +170587,29 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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                     0
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@@ -170660,23 +170623,42 @@
                   "SummaryAgg": {
                     "child": 6,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
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@@ -170685,230 +170667,79 @@
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@@ -171323,18 +171154,16 @@
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@@ -171378,18 +171207,71 @@
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@@ -171433,18 +171315,27 @@
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@@ -171488,36 +171379,102 @@
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@@ -171528,33 +171485,36 @@
                   },
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@@ -171598,18 +171558,71 @@
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@@ -171653,18 +171666,27 @@
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@@ -171708,18 +171730,34 @@
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@@ -171763,18 +171801,34 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -171818,12 +171872,38 @@
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@@ -171873,12 +171953,12 @@
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@@ -171928,12 +172008,12 @@
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@@ -171983,36 +172063,20 @@
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@@ -172023,27 +172087,29 @@
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -172093,14 +172159,14 @@
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@@ -172117,12 +172183,9 @@
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@@ -172151,12 +172214,12 @@
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@@ -172209,246 +172272,14 @@
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@@ -172465,12 +172296,9 @@
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@@ -172499,12 +172327,12 @@
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@@ -172554,58 +172382,7 @@
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@@ -173121,77 +172898,14 @@
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@@ -173199,7 +172913,7 @@
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@@ -173254,7 +172968,7 @@
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@@ -173279,7 +172993,7 @@
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@@ -173329,20 +173043,16 @@
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@@ -173393,20 +173103,27 @@
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@@ -173420,12 +173137,9 @@
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@@ -173455,39 +173169,43 @@
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@@ -173531,26 +173249,18 @@
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@@ -173594,27 +173304,18 @@
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@@ -173627,12 +173328,9 @@
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@@ -173661,40 +173359,59 @@
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@@ -173738,26 +173455,18 @@
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@@ -173801,27 +173510,18 @@
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@@ -173834,12 +173534,9 @@
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@@ -173868,40 +173565,18 @@
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@@ -173945,26 +173620,18 @@
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@@ -174008,27 +173675,18 @@
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@@ -174041,12 +173699,9 @@
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -174075,40 +173730,18 @@
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@@ -174152,26 +173785,18 @@
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+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
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-            },
-            {
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-              "id": 22,
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -174215,27 +173840,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
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-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -174248,12 +173864,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -174282,40 +173895,18 @@
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -174328,12 +173919,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -174362,29 +173950,18 @@
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-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -174428,116 +174005,36 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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                   {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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@@ -174553,56 +174050,22 @@
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@@ -174652,12 +174115,12 @@
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@@ -174707,12 +174170,12 @@
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@@ -174762,20 +174225,36 @@
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             {
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@@ -174786,32 +174265,30 @@
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@@ -174858,15 +174335,15 @@
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@@ -174913,15 +174390,15 @@
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@@ -174937,9 +174414,12 @@
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                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -174968,15 +174448,15 @@
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@@ -174992,9 +174472,12 @@
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@@ -175023,15 +174506,15 @@
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@@ -175047,9 +174530,12 @@
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@@ -175078,15 +174564,15 @@
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@@ -175102,9 +174588,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -175133,15 +174622,15 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -175157,9 +174646,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -175188,15 +174680,15 @@
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@@ -175212,9 +174704,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -175243,15 +174738,15 @@
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@@ -175267,9 +174762,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -175298,15 +174796,15 @@
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -175353,15 +174851,15 @@
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@@ -175408,903 +174906,6 @@
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@@ -177026,7 +175627,7 @@
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@@ -177089,7 +175690,7 @@
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@@ -177156,7 +175757,7 @@
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@@ -177233,7 +175834,7 @@
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@@ -177296,7 +175897,7 @@
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@@ -177363,7 +175964,7 @@
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@@ -177440,7 +176041,7 @@
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@@ -177503,7 +176104,7 @@
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@@ -177570,7 +176171,7 @@
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@@ -177647,7 +176248,7 @@
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@@ -177710,7 +176311,7 @@
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@@ -177777,7 +176378,7 @@
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@@ -177854,7 +176455,7 @@
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@@ -177917,7 +176518,7 @@
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@@ -177984,7 +176585,7 @@
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@@ -178146,6 +176747,22 @@
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@@ -178156,78 +176773,41 @@
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Sort": {
                     "child": 25,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
+                    "keys": [
+                      {
+                        "ascending": false,
+                        "expr": {
+                          "Column": 1
                         },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "nulls_first": false
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    ],
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -178240,34 +176820,42 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -178276,14 +176864,14 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 26
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Limit": {
+                    "child": 26,
+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -178294,9 +176882,9 @@
             27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L31",
-        "id": "P31-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L25",
+        "id": "P25",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -178511,7 +177099,7 @@
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -178560,13 +177148,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -178615,18 +177203,34 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -178637,43 +177241,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -178717,71 +177311,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 9,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -178825,27 +177421,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 10,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 12,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -178889,35 +177476,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -178928,63 +177516,106 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 14,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 2,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 13,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 15,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -178995,36 +177626,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 3
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 16,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -179068,71 +177696,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 15,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 17,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 16,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 18,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -179176,29 +177806,91 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 19,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 18,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 20,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -179209,88 +177901,106 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -179306,6 +178016,37 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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@@ -179314,51 +178055,99 @@
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@@ -179374,9 +178163,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -179405,15 +178197,15 @@
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@@ -179429,9 +178221,12 @@
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@@ -179460,15 +178255,15 @@
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@@ -179484,9 +178279,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -179515,20 +178313,39 @@
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@@ -179537,6 +178354,45 @@
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@@ -179547,23 +178403,40 @@
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@@ -179580,9 +178453,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -179611,12 +178487,12 @@
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@@ -179666,20 +178542,36 @@
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@@ -179690,34 +178582,22 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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@@ -180123,7 +179003,7 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -180231,16 +179111,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -180252,6 +179131,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
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@@ -180262,77 +179157,33 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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-                      ]
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@@ -180346,75 +179197,82 @@
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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                   {
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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                 "ASAP": {
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+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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@@ -180458,18 +179316,26 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -180513,18 +179379,27 @@
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@@ -180538,8 +179413,8 @@
                   {
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@@ -180571,18 +179446,40 @@
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@@ -180626,20 +179523,44 @@
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@@ -180650,35 +179571,42 @@
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@@ -180691,9 +179619,12 @@
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@@ -180722,18 +179653,40 @@
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@@ -180777,18 +179730,26 @@
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@@ -180832,18 +179793,27 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -180856,9 +179826,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -180887,15 +179860,39 @@
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@@ -180942,60 +179939,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
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@@ -181003,7 +179955,7 @@
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@@ -181050,16 +180002,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -181067,7 +180019,7 @@
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@@ -181082,8 +180034,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -181117,16 +180069,16 @@
               },
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -181147,7 +180099,7 @@
             },
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@@ -181194,89 +180146,42 @@
               },
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@@ -181287,35 +180192,41 @@
                   },
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               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -181329,9 +180240,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -181361,69 +180275,38 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "filter": null,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -181437,9 +180320,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -181469,25 +180355,27 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "kind": "range",
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@@ -181537,28 +180425,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -181610,7 +180486,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -181629,7 +180505,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -181681,7 +180557,7 @@
               "payload": {
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                     "partition_by": [
@@ -181693,13 +180569,13 @@
             }
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-            5,
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+            4,
+            27
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         },
-        "from_logical": "L34",
-        "id": "P34",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact"
+        "from_logical": "L25",
+        "id": "P25-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
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@@ -181817,7 +180693,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
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@@ -181834,12 +180710,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -181874,6 +180747,47 @@
             },
             {
               "consumer": 4,
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@@ -181923,20 +180837,36 @@
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@@ -181947,29 +180877,27 @@
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@@ -182019,12 +180947,12 @@
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@@ -182074,14 +181002,14 @@
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@@ -182098,12 +181026,9 @@
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@@ -182132,12 +181057,12 @@
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@@ -182187,12 +181112,12 @@
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@@ -182242,16 +181167,18 @@
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@@ -182295,71 +181222,18 @@
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@@ -182403,27 +181277,18 @@
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@@ -182436,12 +181301,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -182470,40 +181332,18 @@
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@@ -182547,91 +181387,36 @@
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@@ -182642,36 +181427,33 @@
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@@ -182715,71 +181497,18 @@
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@@ -182823,27 +181552,18 @@
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@@ -182856,12 +181576,9 @@
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@@ -182890,40 +181607,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -182967,22 +181662,18 @@
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@@ -183026,34 +181717,18 @@
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@@ -183097,40 +181772,14 @@
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@@ -183147,9 +181796,12 @@
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@@ -183178,14 +181830,14 @@
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@@ -183202,9 +181854,12 @@
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@@ -183233,12 +181888,12 @@
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@@ -183258,8 +181913,8 @@
                   {
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-                        "Rate",
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+                        "Sum",
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@@ -183291,14 +181946,14 @@
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@@ -183315,9 +181970,12 @@
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@@ -183346,12 +182004,12 @@
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@@ -183362,10 +182020,10 @@
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@@ -183378,23 +182036,40 @@
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -183411,9 +182086,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -183442,14 +182120,14 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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@@ -183466,9 +182144,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -183497,12 +182178,12 @@
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@@ -183552,12 +182233,12 @@
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -183607,18 +182288,16 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -183662,18 +182341,71 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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@@ -183717,18 +182449,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -183772,36 +182513,35 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -183812,51 +182552,63 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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-              "role": "Input",
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -183867,33 +182619,36 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -183937,18 +182692,71 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                        {
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -183992,18 +182800,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -184047,18 +182863,28 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -184071,9 +182897,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -184102,18 +182931,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -184157,18 +183008,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -184212,18 +183071,28 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -184236,9 +183105,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -184267,18 +183139,40 @@
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-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -184322,18 +183216,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -184377,18 +183279,28 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -184435,76 +183347,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
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                         "Sum"
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-                  },
-                  {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -184517,12 +183393,9 @@
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -184551,18 +183424,26 @@
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-            {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
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@@ -184575,12 +183456,9 @@
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -184609,18 +183487,28 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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@@ -184667,76 +183555,40 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                         "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -184749,12 +183601,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -184783,18 +183632,26 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 27,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
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@@ -184838,18 +183695,28 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 28,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -184862,9 +183729,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -184893,15 +183763,39 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 27,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 19,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -184952,56 +183846,11 @@
               },
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+                  "TimeShift": {
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@@ -185009,7 +183858,7 @@
             },
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@@ -185061,11 +183910,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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                     "kind": "range",
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@@ -185073,7 +183922,8 @@
             },
             {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -185088,8 +183938,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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                     "name": "state",
@@ -185128,11 +183978,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -185153,7 +184003,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -185167,9 +184017,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -185199,90 +184052,46 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
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               "output_schema": {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -185293,16 +184102,17 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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@@ -185314,14 +184124,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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               }
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               "output_schema": {
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@@ -185372,64 +184182,27 @@
               },
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-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
+                  "Sort": {
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+                        "expr": {
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                         },
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+                        "nulls_first": false
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@@ -185480,20 +184253,38 @@
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+                  "Limit": {
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                 }
               }
-            },
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+            27
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+        "id": "P25-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -185537,27 +184328,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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+              "role": "Input",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -185570,12 +184352,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -185604,40 +184383,18 @@
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -185681,44 +184438,20 @@
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -185729,42 +184462,35 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -185777,12 +184503,9 @@
                   },
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -185811,40 +184534,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -185888,26 +184589,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -185951,48 +184644,20 @@
                   ]
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-                      "secs": 10
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -186003,54 +184668,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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                     "table": null
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               "output_schema": {
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@@ -186101,11 +184754,56 @@
               },
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-                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                  "Scan": {
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+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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+                      }
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@@ -186113,7 +184811,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -186165,11 +184863,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 16,
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                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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@@ -186177,7 +184875,7 @@
             },
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@@ -186191,12 +184889,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -186226,30 +184921,23 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
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-                      "weight": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "having": null,
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                       }
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@@ -186257,26 +184945,10 @@
             },
             {
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@@ -186287,32 +184959,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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                     0
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               "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -186320,26 +185012,10 @@
             },
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@@ -186350,17 +185026,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -186370,21 +185045,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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@@ -186398,12 +185068,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -186433,38 +185100,69 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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                       }
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@@ -186515,11 +185213,12 @@
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-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 60
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@@ -186527,7 +185226,7 @@
             },
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@@ -186578,42 +185277,30 @@
               },
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-                    "child": 22,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                  "Aggregate": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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             {
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@@ -186624,17 +185311,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -186646,102 +185345,125 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 7,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
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+                      ]
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                   {
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-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                   {
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-                      12,
-                      15,
-                      18,
-                      21,
-                      24
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+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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                   }
                 }
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-            },
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+            9
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L26",
+        "id": "P26",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap"
+      },
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -186785,22 +185507,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -186844,34 +185562,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -186915,38 +185617,53 @@
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-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
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-                    ]
+              "producer": 2,
+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
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+              "consumer": 4,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
-      },
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -186996,12 +185713,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -187051,12 +185768,12 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 1,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -187076,8 +185793,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -187109,12 +185826,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 2,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -187164,12 +185881,12 @@
                   ]
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -187188,9 +185905,19 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
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                     "name": "state",
@@ -187205,18 +185932,16 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 4,
+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -187260,18 +185985,71 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
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+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -187315,18 +186093,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -187370,36 +186157,102 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
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+            {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 2,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                        2
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+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -187410,33 +186263,36 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 3
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
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+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -187480,18 +186336,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                          3,
+                          0
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+                      }
+                    }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 6,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -187535,18 +186444,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -187559,9 +186477,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -187590,18 +186511,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 8,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -187645,36 +186588,116 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 13,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 7
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 8,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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+                    },
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+                      ]
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+                }
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+              "id": 10,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -187690,25 +186713,59 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
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                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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+                      "TopK": {
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+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 9
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
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+            10
+          ]
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+        "from_logical": "L27",
+        "id": "P27",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc)"
+      },
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             {
-              "consumer": 16,
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -187755,15 +186812,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 6,
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               "role": "Input",
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+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -187810,15 +186867,15 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 16,
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 18,
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -187865,36 +186922,20 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 19,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -187905,30 +186946,32 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
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@@ -188195,15 +187238,15 @@
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@@ -188219,12 +187262,9 @@
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@@ -188253,15 +187293,15 @@
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@@ -188277,12 +187317,9 @@
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@@ -188311,15 +187348,15 @@
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@@ -188335,12 +187372,9 @@
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@@ -188369,15 +187403,15 @@
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@@ -188393,12 +187427,9 @@
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@@ -188427,15 +187458,15 @@
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@@ -188451,12 +187482,9 @@
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@@ -188485,15 +187513,15 @@
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@@ -188509,12 +187537,9 @@
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@@ -188543,14 +187568,14 @@
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@@ -188567,12 +187592,9 @@
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@@ -188601,12 +187623,12 @@
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@@ -188656,12 +187678,12 @@
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@@ -188711,7 +187733,739 @@
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "fields": [
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+              "data_state": {
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+                          "category": "TopK",
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@@ -188905,12 +188659,9 @@
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-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -188940,30 +188691,23 @@
                 ]
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
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@@ -188972,65 +188716,6 @@
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@@ -189068,7 +188753,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -189097,7 +188782,7 @@
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@@ -189132,14 +188817,14 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -189186,7 +188871,7 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -189247,7 +188932,7 @@
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@@ -189294,12 +188979,12 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -189310,7 +188995,7 @@
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@@ -189357,12 +189042,12 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -189374,7 +189059,7 @@
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@@ -189424,12 +189109,12 @@
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@@ -189454,7 +189139,7 @@
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@@ -189501,12 +189186,12 @@
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@@ -189517,7 +189202,7 @@
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@@ -189564,12 +189249,12 @@
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@@ -189581,7 +189266,7 @@
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@@ -189631,12 +189316,12 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -189661,7 +189346,7 @@
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@@ -189708,12 +189393,12 @@
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@@ -189724,7 +189409,7 @@
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@@ -189771,12 +189456,12 @@
               },
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@@ -189788,7 +189473,7 @@
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@@ -189838,12 +189523,12 @@
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@@ -189868,7 +189553,7 @@
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@@ -189915,12 +189600,12 @@
               },
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@@ -189931,7 +189616,7 @@
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@@ -189978,12 +189663,12 @@
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@@ -189995,7 +189680,7 @@
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@@ -190045,12 +189730,12 @@
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@@ -190075,7 +189760,7 @@
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@@ -190122,12 +189807,12 @@
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@@ -190138,7 +189823,7 @@
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@@ -190185,12 +189870,12 @@
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@@ -190202,7 +189887,7 @@
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@@ -190252,12 +189937,12 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -190282,7 +189967,7 @@
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@@ -190329,12 +190014,12 @@
               },
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@@ -190345,7 +190030,7 @@
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@@ -190392,12 +190077,12 @@
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@@ -190409,7 +190094,7 @@
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@@ -190459,12 +190144,12 @@
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@@ -190489,7 +190174,7 @@
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@@ -190545,12 +190230,12 @@
                 "ASAP": {
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-                      12,
-                      15,
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+                      8,
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+                      14,
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@@ -190558,7 +190243,7 @@
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@@ -190610,33 +190295,17 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -190647,89 +190316,118 @@
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
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+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -190738,27 +190436,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Limit": {
-                    "child": 27,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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+                        "k": 10
+                      }
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+                    "summary_input": 26
                   }
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             }
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           "roots": [
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-            28
+            4,
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-        "id": "P36-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L28",
+        "id": "P28",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -190876,7 +190574,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -190893,12 +190591,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -190934,10 +190629,51 @@
             {
               "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+              "producer": 3,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 6,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -190982,20 +190718,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
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+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 5,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -191006,32 +190758,30 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -191078,15 +190828,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 8,
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -191133,15 +190883,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
+              "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -191188,20 +190938,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 10,
+              "consumer": 11,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                    "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -191212,43 +190978,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 9,
+              "producer": 10,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 12,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191292,71 +191048,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
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-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 13,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191400,27 +191103,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 12,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 14,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191433,12 +191127,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -191467,40 +191158,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 13,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 15,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191544,24 +191213,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 16,
+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -191572,63 +191253,51 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 15,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 17,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -191639,36 +191308,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 16,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 18,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191712,71 +191378,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 19,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191820,27 +191433,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
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+              "producer": 18,
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 20,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -191884,36 +191488,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 7,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 19,
+              "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 21,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "name": "ts",
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+                  },
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -191924,156 +191528,85 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
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-                    "family": {
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@@ -193139,7 +192632,7 @@
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@@ -193203,7 +192695,7 @@
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@@ -193217,12 +192709,76 @@
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@@ -193253,7 +192809,7 @@
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@@ -193330,12 +192886,16 @@
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@@ -193346,6 +192906,22 @@
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@@ -193356,77 +192932,33 @@
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@@ -193440,75 +192972,82 @@
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+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193552,18 +193091,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 13,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193607,18 +193154,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193632,8 +193188,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -193665,18 +193221,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 13,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 15,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193720,20 +193298,44 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -193744,35 +193346,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193785,9 +193394,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -193816,18 +193428,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193871,18 +193505,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193926,18 +193568,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -193950,9 +193601,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -193981,18 +193635,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -194036,18 +193712,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -194091,18 +193775,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -194115,9 +193808,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -194146,18 +193842,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 22,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -194170,9 +193888,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -194201,18 +193922,29 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -194256,36 +193988,116 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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+                    },
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+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -194301,22 +194113,56 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
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                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 26
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L28",
+        "id": "P28-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
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             {
-              "consumer": 17,
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -194366,12 +194212,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 16,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 18,
+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -194421,12 +194267,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 19,
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -194476,36 +194322,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 20,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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-                  },
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                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -194516,27 +194346,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                     0
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                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -194586,12 +194418,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 20,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -194646,7 +194478,7 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 23,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
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@@ -194696,12 +194528,12 @@
                   ]
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+            },
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@@ -195212,12 +195814,12 @@
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@@ -195263,7 +195865,7 @@
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@@ -195457,12 +196059,9 @@
                   },
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -195492,30 +196091,23 @@
                 ]
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Rate"
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      },
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-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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                       }
-                    },
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+                    "output_names": [
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@@ -195524,65 +196116,6 @@
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-                    "table": null
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-                  {
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@@ -195620,7 +196153,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -195649,7 +196182,7 @@
             },
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@@ -195684,14 +196217,14 @@
               "payload": {
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+                    "child": 3
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@@ -195799,7 +196332,7 @@
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@@ -195851,7 +196384,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -195862,7 +196395,7 @@
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@@ -195914,7 +196447,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -195926,7 +196459,8 @@
             },
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@@ -195981,7 +196515,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -196006,7 +196540,7 @@
             },
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@@ -196058,7 +196592,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -196069,7 +196603,7 @@
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@@ -196121,7 +196655,7 @@
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@@ -196133,7 +196667,8 @@
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@@ -196188,7 +196723,7 @@
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@@ -196213,7 +196748,7 @@
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@@ -196265,7 +196800,7 @@
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@@ -196276,7 +196811,7 @@
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@@ -196328,7 +196863,7 @@
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@@ -196340,7 +196875,8 @@
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@@ -196395,7 +196931,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -196420,7 +196956,7 @@
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@@ -196472,7 +197008,7 @@
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@@ -196483,7 +197019,7 @@
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@@ -196535,7 +197071,7 @@
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@@ -196547,7 +197083,8 @@
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@@ -196602,7 +197139,7 @@
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@@ -196627,7 +197164,7 @@
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@@ -196679,7 +197216,7 @@
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@@ -196690,7 +197227,7 @@
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@@ -196742,7 +197279,7 @@
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@@ -196754,7 +197291,8 @@
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@@ -196809,7 +197347,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -196834,7 +197372,7 @@
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@@ -196886,7 +197424,7 @@
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@@ -196897,7 +197435,7 @@
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@@ -196949,7 +197487,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -196961,7 +197499,8 @@
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@@ -197016,7 +197555,7 @@
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@@ -197041,7 +197580,7 @@
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@@ -197110,7 +197649,7 @@
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@@ -197162,14 +197701,14 @@
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@@ -197217,7 +197756,7 @@
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@@ -197261,7 +197800,7 @@
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@@ -197310,20 +197849,20 @@
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-        "id": "P39",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
+        "from_logical": "L28",
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
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@@ -197441,7 +197980,7 @@
             {
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@@ -197458,12 +197997,9 @@
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -197499,29 +198035,13 @@
             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
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@@ -197532,17 +198052,19 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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@@ -197552,15 +198074,31 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -197571,24 +198109,22 @@
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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@@ -197596,7 +198132,7 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -197645,13 +198181,13 @@
               },
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               "role": "Input",
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+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -197700,16 +198236,65 @@
               },
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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@@ -197753,18 +198338,71 @@
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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@@ -197808,18 +198446,27 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -197863,36 +198510,35 @@
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@@ -197903,106 +198549,63 @@
                   },
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@@ -198013,33 +198616,36 @@
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@@ -198083,73 +198689,71 @@
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@@ -198193,18 +198797,27 @@
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@@ -198248,36 +198861,36 @@
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@@ -198288,106 +198901,88 @@
                   },
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@@ -198403,37 +198998,6 @@
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@@ -198442,96 +199006,51 @@
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@@ -198578,15 +199097,15 @@
                   ]
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@@ -198602,12 +199121,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -198636,15 +199152,15 @@
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@@ -198660,12 +199176,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -198694,39 +199207,20 @@
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@@ -198735,45 +199229,6 @@
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@@ -200422,40 +200883,18 @@
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@@ -201206,12 +201433,12 @@
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@@ -201285,12 +201512,9 @@
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@@ -201549,9 +201799,12 @@
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "fields": [
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@@ -201631,7 +202055,7 @@
                   ]
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@@ -201825,12 +202249,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Rate"
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@@ -201860,30 +202281,23 @@
                 ]
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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                       }
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@@ -201892,65 +202306,6 @@
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@@ -201988,7 +202343,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "child": 3,
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                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -202017,7 +202372,7 @@
             },
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@@ -202052,14 +202407,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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@@ -202167,7 +202522,7 @@
             },
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               "output_schema": {
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@@ -202218,12 +202573,11 @@
               },
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                  "TimeShift": {
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@@ -202231,7 +202585,7 @@
             },
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@@ -202282,30 +202636,42 @@
               },
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@@ -202316,29 +202682,17 @@
                   },
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -202350,84 +202704,73 @@
               "payload": {
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                     "family": {
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-                          "category": "TopK",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
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-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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                     "input": {
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-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
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                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
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                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
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-                      "Reduce": [
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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-                    "nullable": true,
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
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                     "table": null
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-                    1
+                    3,
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@@ -202436,39 +202779,21 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 9
+                "NonASAP": {
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-      },
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -202512,18 +202837,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -202536,9 +202870,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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@@ -202567,18 +202904,40 @@
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-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 10,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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@@ -202591,12 +202950,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -202625,18 +202981,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
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@@ -202680,59 +203044,27 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+              "payload": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -202745,9 +203077,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -202776,18 +203111,40 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -202831,18 +203188,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -202855,12 +203220,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -202889,18 +203251,27 @@
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-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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@@ -202913,9 +203284,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -202944,66 +203318,39 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+                }
+              }
+            },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203054,56 +203401,11 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -203111,7 +203413,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203163,11 +203465,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 18,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -203175,7 +203477,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203190,8 +203492,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -203230,11 +203532,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 19,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
@@ -203255,7 +203557,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203305,75 +203607,12 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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-                }
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-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                    "nullable": false,
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-                "unique_keys": [
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-                  ]
-                ]
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-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -203381,49 +203620,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "sum",
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-                    "table": null
-                  }
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-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
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-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 22,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203474,56 +203671,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
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-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -203531,7 +203684,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203545,9 +203698,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -203577,25 +203733,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 6,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 22,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203649,33 +203818,22 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203727,14 +203885,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 8
+                    "child": 24
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 10,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203782,7 +203940,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 9,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
@@ -203826,7 +203984,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 11,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -203875,20 +204033,20 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 10
+                    "summary_input": 26
                   }
                 }
               }
             }
           ],
           "roots": [
-            5,
-            11
+            4,
+            27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L41",
-        "id": "P41",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc)"
+        "from_logical": "L31",
+        "id": "P31",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes)"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -204006,7 +204164,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -204023,12 +204181,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -204064,29 +204219,13 @@
             {
               "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
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-                    "table": null
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-                  {
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-                    "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -204097,17 +204236,19 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
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-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
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@@ -204117,15 +204258,31 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 5,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -204136,32 +204293,30 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-              "producer": 4,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204210,13 +204365,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204265,13 +204420,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204318,15 +204473,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204373,15 +204528,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 11,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204430,13 +204585,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 10,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 12,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204483,15 +204638,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
+              "producer": 5,
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 13,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204538,15 +204693,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 12,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 14,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204595,13 +204750,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 13,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 15,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204648,15 +204803,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 16,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204703,15 +204858,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 15,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 17,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204760,13 +204915,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 16,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 18,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -204813,15 +204968,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 19,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -205549,12 +205649,12 @@
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@@ -205655,7 +205755,7 @@
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@@ -206012,7 +206043,7 @@
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@@ -206254,7 +206285,7 @@
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@@ -206318,7 +206349,7 @@
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@@ -206461,7 +206492,7 @@
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@@ -206668,7 +206699,7 @@
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@@ -206732,7 +206763,7 @@
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@@ -206859,12 +206890,12 @@
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@@ -206875,7 +206906,7 @@
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@@ -206922,12 +206953,12 @@
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@@ -206939,7 +206970,7 @@
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@@ -206989,12 +207020,12 @@
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@@ -207019,7 +207050,7 @@
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@@ -207066,12 +207097,12 @@
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@@ -207082,7 +207113,7 @@
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@@ -207129,12 +207160,12 @@
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@@ -207146,7 +207177,7 @@
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@@ -207226,7 +207257,7 @@
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@@ -207289,7 +207320,7 @@
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@@ -207353,7 +207384,7 @@
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@@ -207433,7 +207464,7 @@
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@@ -207502,7 +207533,7 @@
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@@ -207554,14 +207585,14 @@
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@@ -207609,7 +207640,7 @@
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@@ -208805,15 +208778,15 @@
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@@ -208860,15 +208833,15 @@
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@@ -209202,15 +209175,15 @@
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@@ -209318,12 +209291,12 @@
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@@ -209376,12 +209349,12 @@
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@@ -209431,12 +209404,12 @@
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@@ -209711,30 +209681,23 @@
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@@ -209746,22 +209709,6 @@
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@@ -209772,29 +209719,53 @@
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@@ -209903,14 +209807,14 @@
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@@ -209957,7 +209861,7 @@
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@@ -210493,9 +210399,154 @@
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@@ -210766,7 +210673,8 @@
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@@ -211023,12 +210932,12 @@
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@@ -211116,7 +211025,7 @@
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@@ -211163,12 +211072,12 @@
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@@ -211659,64 +211569,6 @@
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@@ -211766,12 +211618,12 @@
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@@ -211807,12 +211659,12 @@
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@@ -211862,12 +211714,12 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -211917,12 +211769,12 @@
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@@ -211968,7 +211820,7 @@
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@@ -212149,86 +212001,6 @@
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@@ -212278,16 +212050,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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@@ -212325,7 +212108,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 2,
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@@ -212354,7 +212137,7 @@
             },
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@@ -212389,14 +212172,14 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -212504,7 +212287,7 @@
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@@ -212556,7 +212339,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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@@ -212568,7 +212351,7 @@
             },
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@@ -212616,7 +212399,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -212660,7 +212443,7 @@
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@@ -212709,20 +212492,20 @@
                         "k": 10
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 whole-expression CMS+heap"
+        "from_logical": "L32",
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 whole-expression CMS+heap"
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@@ -212840,7 +212623,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
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@@ -212857,12 +212640,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -212897,6 +212677,47 @@
             },
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -212946,20 +212767,36 @@
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@@ -212970,35 +212807,82 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": true,
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+                  {
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+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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@@ -213042,18 +212926,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                        {
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+                          "nullable": false,
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+            {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -213097,18 +213034,378 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -213148,9 +213445,607 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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@@ -213752,6 +214647,22 @@
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@@ -213762,156 +214673,89781 @@
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@@ -213927,9 +304463,12 @@
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@@ -213958,15 +304497,15 @@
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@@ -213982,9 +304521,12 @@
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@@ -214013,15 +304555,15 @@
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@@ -214037,9 +304579,12 @@
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@@ -214068,14 +304613,14 @@
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@@ -214092,9 +304637,12 @@
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@@ -214123,12 +304671,12 @@
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@@ -214178,12 +304726,12 @@
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@@ -214233,7 +304781,7 @@
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@@ -214427,9 +304975,12 @@
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@@ -214459,23 +305010,30 @@
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@@ -214484,6 +305042,65 @@
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@@ -214518,7 +305135,7 @@
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@@ -214541,7 +305158,7 @@
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@@ -214588,31 +305205,68 @@
               },
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@@ -214659,31 +305313,23 @@
               },
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@@ -214730,42 +305376,25 @@
               },
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@@ -214778,9 +305407,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -214809,18 +305441,40 @@
                   ]
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@@ -214864,18 +305518,26 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -214919,18 +305581,27 @@
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@@ -214943,9 +305614,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -214974,18 +305648,40 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -214998,12 +305694,9 @@
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@@ -215032,18 +305725,26 @@
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@@ -215087,18 +305788,27 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -215111,9 +305821,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -215142,15 +305855,39 @@
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@@ -215197,60 +305934,15 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -215258,7 +305950,7 @@
             },
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@@ -215305,16 +305997,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
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                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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@@ -215322,7 +306014,87 @@
             },
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -215369,33 +306141,42 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -215406,43 +306187,33 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -215450,7 +306221,7 @@
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@@ -215500,12 +306271,12 @@
               },
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -215530,7 +306301,7 @@
             },
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@@ -215577,19 +306348,23 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -215636,31 +306411,104 @@
               },
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@@ -215674,9 +306522,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -215706,43 +306557,28 @@
                 ]
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@@ -215786,73 +306622,22 @@
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@@ -215896,18 +306681,34 @@
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@@ -215951,67 +306752,38 @@
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@@ -216061,12 +306833,12 @@
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@@ -216116,14 +306888,14 @@
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@@ -216140,9 +306912,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -216171,12 +306946,12 @@
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@@ -216226,12 +307001,12 @@
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@@ -216286,7 +307061,7 @@
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@@ -216336,12 +307111,12 @@
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@@ -216391,12 +307166,12 @@
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@@ -216451,7 +307226,7 @@
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@@ -216501,12 +307276,12 @@
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@@ -216556,12 +307331,12 @@
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@@ -216616,7 +307391,7 @@
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@@ -216666,12 +307441,12 @@
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@@ -216721,12 +307496,12 @@
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@@ -216781,7 +307556,7 @@
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@@ -216831,12 +307606,12 @@
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@@ -216886,14 +307661,14 @@
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@@ -216910,12 +307685,9 @@
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@@ -217724,9 +308363,12 @@
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@@ -217755,26 +308397,18 @@
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@@ -217885,39 +308507,15 @@
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@@ -217980,7 +308623,7 @@
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@@ -218044,7 +308687,7 @@
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@@ -218059,8 +308702,8 @@
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@@ -218099,11 +308742,11 @@
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@@ -218217,17 +308840,16 @@
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@@ -218238,100 +308860,31 @@
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@@ -218394,7 +308947,7 @@
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@@ -218446,7 +308999,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -218458,7 +309011,8 @@
             },
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@@ -218513,7 +309067,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -218538,7 +309092,7 @@
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@@ -218601,7 +309155,7 @@
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@@ -218653,7 +309207,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -218665,7 +309219,8 @@
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@@ -218720,7 +309275,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -218745,7 +309300,7 @@
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@@ -218800,7 +309355,7 @@
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@@ -218808,7 +309363,7 @@
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@@ -218860,7 +309415,7 @@
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@@ -218872,7 +309427,8 @@
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               "payload": {
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@@ -218952,7 +309508,7 @@
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@@ -218966,12 +309522,9 @@
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@@ -219001,27 +309554,24 @@
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-                      9,
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@@ -219071,16 +309621,22 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -219094,9 +309650,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -219126,32 +309685,38 @@
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@@ -219202,38 +309767,20 @@
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@@ -219277,18 +309824,28 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -219301,9 +309858,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -219332,73 +309892,40 @@
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@@ -219442,18 +309969,26 @@
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -219497,18 +310032,28 @@
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -219521,9 +310066,12 @@
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -219552,18 +310100,40 @@
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@@ -219576,9 +310146,12 @@
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@@ -219607,18 +310180,29 @@
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+              "output_state": {
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -219662,18 +310246,22 @@
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -219717,18 +310305,34 @@
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -219772,15 +310376,41 @@
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@@ -219827,15 +310457,15 @@
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@@ -219882,15 +310512,15 @@
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@@ -219906,9 +310536,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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@@ -219937,15 +310570,15 @@
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@@ -219992,15 +310625,15 @@
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@@ -220047,15 +310680,15 @@
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@@ -220102,36 +310735,20 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -220142,33 +310759,43 @@
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@@ -220212,18 +310839,71 @@
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@@ -220267,18 +310947,27 @@
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@@ -220291,9 +310980,12 @@
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@@ -220322,18 +311014,40 @@
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@@ -220377,39 +311091,24 @@
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@@ -220420,33 +311119,52 @@
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@@ -220459,12 +311177,9 @@
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@@ -220493,39 +311208,36 @@
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@@ -220536,54 +311248,88 @@
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@@ -220599,25 +311345,59 @@
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@@ -220633,12 +311413,9 @@
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@@ -220667,15 +311444,15 @@
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@@ -220691,12 +311468,9 @@
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@@ -220725,12 +311499,12 @@
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@@ -220750,8 +311524,8 @@
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@@ -220783,12 +311557,12 @@
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@@ -220838,12 +311612,12 @@
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@@ -220893,124 +311667,18 @@
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@@ -221023,9 +311691,12 @@
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@@ -221054,27 +311725,18 @@
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@@ -221118,33 +311780,18 @@
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@@ -221157,9 +311804,22 @@
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@@ -221171,37 +311831,15 @@
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@@ -221248,7 +311886,7 @@
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@@ -221309,70 +311947,7 @@
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@@ -221419,16 +311994,16 @@
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@@ -221436,7 +312011,7 @@
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@@ -221451,8 +312026,8 @@
                   {
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-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
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@@ -221486,16 +312061,16 @@
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@@ -221516,7 +312091,7 @@
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@@ -221563,42 +312138,22 @@
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@@ -221609,33 +312164,43 @@
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@@ -221643,7 +312208,7 @@
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@@ -221693,12 +312258,12 @@
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@@ -221723,7 +312288,7 @@
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@@ -221770,42 +312335,22 @@
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@@ -221816,185 +312361,159 @@
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@@ -222038,27 +312557,18 @@
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@@ -222071,12 +312581,9 @@
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@@ -222105,40 +312612,18 @@
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@@ -222151,9 +312636,12 @@
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@@ -222182,26 +312670,18 @@
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@@ -222245,27 +312725,18 @@
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@@ -222278,12 +312749,9 @@
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@@ -222312,40 +312780,18 @@
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@@ -222389,26 +312835,18 @@
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@@ -222452,27 +312890,18 @@
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@@ -222485,12 +312914,9 @@
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@@ -222519,40 +312945,18 @@
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@@ -222565,12 +312969,9 @@
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@@ -222599,29 +313000,18 @@
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@@ -222665,22 +313055,18 @@
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@@ -222724,34 +313110,18 @@
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@@ -222795,38 +313165,12 @@
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@@ -222876,12 +313220,12 @@
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@@ -222931,12 +313275,12 @@
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@@ -222986,12 +313330,12 @@
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@@ -223041,12 +313385,12 @@
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@@ -223096,67 +313440,18 @@
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@@ -223200,71 +313495,18 @@
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@@ -223308,27 +313550,18 @@
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@@ -223372,35 +313605,36 @@
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@@ -223411,52 +313645,33 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -223500,36 +313715,39 @@
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@@ -223540,155 +313758,87 @@
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                   {
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@@ -223705,9 +313855,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -223736,14 +313889,14 @@
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@@ -223760,9 +313913,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -223791,14 +313947,14 @@
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@@ -223815,9 +313971,12 @@
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@@ -223846,14 +314005,14 @@
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@@ -223870,9 +314029,12 @@
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@@ -223901,12 +314063,12 @@
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@@ -223959,12 +314121,12 @@
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@@ -224014,12 +314176,12 @@
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@@ -224065,7 +314227,7 @@
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@@ -224246,134 +314408,6 @@
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@@ -224388,8 +314422,8 @@
                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
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@@ -224431,8 +314465,8 @@
                     "child": 1,
                     "family": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
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@@ -224453,7 +314487,7 @@
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@@ -224505,14 +314539,14 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -224526,22 +314560,9 @@
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@@ -224554,45 +314575,24 @@
                 ]
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@@ -224604,81 +314604,8 @@
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@@ -224722,73 +314649,26 @@
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@@ -224832,73 +314712,27 @@
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@@ -224911,9 +314745,12 @@
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@@ -224942,73 +314779,40 @@
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@@ -225052,73 +314856,26 @@
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@@ -225162,18 +314919,27 @@
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@@ -225186,9 +314952,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -225217,18 +314986,40 @@
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@@ -225272,18 +315063,26 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -225327,18 +315126,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225351,9 +315159,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -225382,18 +315193,40 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225437,18 +315270,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 13,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 15,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225492,18 +315333,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 14,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225516,9 +315366,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -225547,18 +315400,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225602,18 +315477,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 16,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225657,18 +315540,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 17,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 19,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225681,9 +315573,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -225712,18 +315607,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225767,18 +315684,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225822,18 +315747,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 20,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 20,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225880,18 +315814,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225938,18 +315894,29 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 9,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -225962,12 +315929,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -225996,39 +315960,116 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -226044,24 +316085,58 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L61",
+        "id": "P61",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+      },
+      {
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             {
-              "consumer": 22,
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -226078,12 +316153,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -226112,14 +316184,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 22,
+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -226136,12 +316208,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -226170,12 +316239,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 21,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 23,
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -226195,8 +316264,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -226228,12 +316297,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 22,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -226283,20 +316352,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 23,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 25,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -226307,43 +316392,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 24,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 7,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -226387,71 +316462,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
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-                    },
-                    "source": {
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-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 6,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 8,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -226495,27 +316517,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 7,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
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@@ -226559,91 +316572,18 @@
                   ]
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-                }
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                   {
@@ -226687,26 +316627,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -226750,27 +316682,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -226783,12 +316706,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -226817,40 +316737,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -226894,26 +316792,18 @@
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-                  }
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             {
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@@ -226957,27 +316847,18 @@
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             {
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                   {
@@ -226990,12 +316871,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -227024,40 +316902,18 @@
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@@ -227101,26 +316957,18 @@
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             {
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@@ -227164,27 +317012,18 @@
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             {
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                   {
@@ -227197,12 +317036,9 @@
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -227231,40 +317067,18 @@
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@@ -227308,26 +317122,18 @@
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@@ -227371,27 +317177,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -227404,12 +317201,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -227438,40 +317232,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -227515,26 +317287,18 @@
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             {
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                   {
@@ -227578,27 +317342,18 @@
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             {
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                   {
@@ -227645,40 +317400,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -227691,9 +317424,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -227722,26 +317458,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -227754,9 +317482,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -227785,27 +317516,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -227852,40 +317574,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -227932,29 +317632,18 @@
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "children": [
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-                      9,
-                      12,
-                      15,
-                      18,
-                      21
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 20,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -227967,9 +317656,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -227998,116 +317690,39 @@
                   ]
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 22
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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+              "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
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-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
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-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
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-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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                   {
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                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -228123,56 +317738,22 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
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-                  {
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-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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+                    3,
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
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-                "ASAP": {
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-                      }
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-                  }
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-            25
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-        "id": "P50",
-        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
             {
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+              "consumer": 26,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -228222,36 +317803,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 25,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
+              "consumer": 27,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -228262,33 +317827,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
+              "producer": 26,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228332,18 +317907,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
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+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228387,18 +318015,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228411,9 +318048,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -228442,18 +318082,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228497,36 +318159,24 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 2
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 4,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                  {
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-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -228537,33 +318187,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 3,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "col": null,
+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228607,18 +318276,71 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
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+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 6,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228662,18 +318384,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 7,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228717,18 +318447,27 @@
                   ]
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               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 8,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228741,9 +318480,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -228772,18 +318514,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 7,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228827,18 +318591,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 10,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228882,18 +318654,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 11,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -228906,9 +318687,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -228937,18 +318721,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 10,
+                    "family": {
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@@ -228992,18 +318798,26 @@
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-            },
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229047,18 +318861,27 @@
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -229071,9 +318894,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -229102,18 +318928,40 @@
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229157,18 +319005,26 @@
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-            },
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229212,18 +319068,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -229236,9 +319101,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -229267,18 +319135,40 @@
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229322,18 +319212,26 @@
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229346,12 +319244,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -229380,18 +319275,27 @@
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229438,18 +319342,40 @@
                   ]
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229462,12 +319388,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -229496,18 +319419,26 @@
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229520,12 +319451,9 @@
                   },
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -229554,18 +319482,27 @@
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229612,18 +319549,40 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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@@ -229670,18 +319629,29 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      11,
+                      14,
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+                      23
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@@ -229694,12 +319664,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -229728,36 +319695,24 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -229768,45 +319723,42 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
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+                    "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
                           "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
@@ -229822,7 +319774,58 @@
                         "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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@@ -229830,20 +319833,49 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                  }
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             }
           ],
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+            27
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -229887,71 +319919,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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@@ -229995,27 +319974,18 @@
                   ]
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -230028,9 +319998,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -230059,91 +320032,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -230187,71 +320087,18 @@
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@@ -230295,26 +320142,18 @@
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@@ -230358,27 +320197,18 @@
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             {
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@@ -230391,12 +320221,9 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -230425,40 +320252,18 @@
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@@ -230502,26 +320307,18 @@
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@@ -230565,27 +320362,18 @@
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             {
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@@ -230598,12 +320386,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -230632,40 +320417,18 @@
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@@ -230709,26 +320472,18 @@
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             {
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@@ -230772,27 +320527,18 @@
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@@ -230805,12 +320551,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -230839,40 +320582,18 @@
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             {
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@@ -230916,26 +320637,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -230979,27 +320692,18 @@
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             {
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                   {
@@ -231012,12 +320716,9 @@
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                   {
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -231046,40 +320747,18 @@
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@@ -231123,26 +320802,18 @@
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-                  }
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -231186,27 +320857,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -231219,12 +320881,9 @@
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                   {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -231253,40 +320912,18 @@
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-                  }
-                }
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -231330,26 +320967,18 @@
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-                  }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -231393,27 +321022,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -231426,12 +321046,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -231460,40 +321077,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -231540,29 +321135,18 @@
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@@ -231575,9 +321159,12 @@
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@@ -231606,116 +321193,39 @@
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@@ -231731,58 +321241,24 @@
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@@ -231799,9 +321275,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -231830,14 +321309,14 @@
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@@ -231854,9 +321333,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -231885,14 +321367,14 @@
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@@ -231909,9 +321391,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -231940,14 +321425,14 @@
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@@ -231964,9 +321449,12 @@
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@@ -231995,12 +321483,12 @@
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@@ -232050,12 +321538,12 @@
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@@ -232076,13 +321564,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
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                         {
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@@ -232101,7 +321589,7 @@
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@@ -232295,9 +321783,12 @@
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@@ -232327,23 +321818,30 @@
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@@ -232352,64 +321850,6 @@
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@@ -232445,134 +321885,30 @@
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@@ -232584,19 +321920,11 @@
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@@ -232604,8 +321932,7 @@
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@@ -232614,39 +321941,33 @@
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@@ -232690,18 +322011,26 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -232745,18 +322074,28 @@
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@@ -232769,9 +322108,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -232800,18 +322142,40 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -232855,18 +322219,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -232879,12 +322251,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -232913,18 +322282,28 @@
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-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+              "kept": true,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -232937,9 +322316,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -232968,20 +322350,58 @@
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-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
+              }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                    "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -232992,42 +322412,40 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
+                  }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 12,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -233078,56 +322496,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
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-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
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-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                          0
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-                    "source": {
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-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
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@@ -233135,7 +322509,8 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
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+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -233149,9 +322524,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -233181,25 +322559,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 14,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -233250,29 +322641,38 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    "name": "ts",
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+                    "table": null
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+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -233283,16 +322683,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -233303,23 +322704,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 14,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -233327,7 +322717,8 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
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+              "kept": true,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -233382,7 +322773,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 15,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -233407,7 +322798,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 17,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -233457,19 +322848,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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@@ -233480,77 +322891,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
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-                      ]
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -233558,81 +322925,89 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
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+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
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-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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+                    3,
+                    0
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                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
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                       }
                     },
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                   }
                 }
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-        "label": "Q1 exact · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -233676,18 +323051,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
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+                }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -233731,18 +323114,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+                }
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -233755,9 +323148,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -233786,18 +323182,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -233810,9 +323228,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -233841,18 +323262,29 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
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+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -233896,36 +323328,24 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
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@@ -233936,82 +323356,153 @@
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@@ -234061,12 +323552,12 @@
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@@ -234116,14 +323607,14 @@
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@@ -234140,9 +323631,12 @@
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@@ -234171,12 +323665,12 @@
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@@ -234226,12 +323720,12 @@
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@@ -234281,12 +323775,12 @@
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@@ -234336,36 +323830,20 @@
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@@ -234376,33 +323854,43 @@
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@@ -234446,18 +323934,71 @@
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@@ -234501,18 +324042,27 @@
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@@ -234525,9 +324075,12 @@
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@@ -234556,18 +324109,40 @@
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@@ -234611,36 +324186,24 @@
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@@ -234651,33 +324214,52 @@
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@@ -234721,36 +324303,36 @@
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@@ -234761,87 +324343,155 @@
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@@ -234858,12 +324508,9 @@
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@@ -234892,14 +324539,14 @@
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@@ -234916,12 +324563,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -234950,12 +324594,12 @@
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@@ -234975,8 +324619,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
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@@ -235008,14 +324652,14 @@
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -235032,12 +324676,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -235066,14 +324707,14 @@
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@@ -235090,12 +324731,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -235124,12 +324762,12 @@
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@@ -235182,12 +324820,12 @@
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@@ -235237,12 +324875,12 @@
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@@ -235288,7 +324926,7 @@
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@@ -235482,9 +325120,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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@@ -235514,23 +325155,30 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
+                "ASAP": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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                       }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
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                   }
                 }
@@ -235539,6 +325187,65 @@
             {
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               "id": 3,
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+                  {
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
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+            {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -235573,7 +325280,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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                     "having": null,
                     "measures": [
@@ -235596,7 +325303,7 @@
             },
             {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -235610,9 +325317,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -235642,24 +325352,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                  "TimeShift": {
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-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 0
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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                 }
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@@ -235709,43 +325433,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "child": 4,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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@@ -235756,17 +325456,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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@@ -235778,73 +325490,84 @@
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-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -235853,21 +325576,39 @@
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-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 10000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      }
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                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
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+            8
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L63",
+        "id": "P63",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+      },
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -235911,27 +325652,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                   {
@@ -235944,12 +325676,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -235978,40 +325707,18 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236024,9 +325731,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -236055,26 +325765,18 @@
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236118,27 +325820,18 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236151,12 +325844,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -236185,40 +325875,18 @@
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -236262,26 +325930,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -236325,27 +325985,18 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236358,12 +326009,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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@@ -236392,40 +326040,18 @@
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-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 0,
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236469,26 +326095,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236532,27 +326150,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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                   {
@@ -236565,12 +326174,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -236599,40 +326205,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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-                }
-              }
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236676,26 +326260,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-            {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236739,27 +326315,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+            },
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -236772,12 +326339,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -236806,40 +326370,18 @@
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236852,12 +326394,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
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@@ -236886,29 +326425,18 @@
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-                      15,
-                      18,
-                      21
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-                  }
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -236952,116 +326480,36 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                   {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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@@ -237077,56 +326525,22 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -237176,12 +326590,12 @@
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@@ -237231,12 +326645,12 @@
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@@ -237286,15 +326700,15 @@
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@@ -237341,15 +326755,15 @@
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@@ -237396,15 +326810,15 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -237420,9 +326834,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -237451,15 +326868,15 @@
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@@ -237475,9 +326892,12 @@
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                   {
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@@ -237506,15 +326926,15 @@
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@@ -237530,9 +326950,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -237561,15 +326984,15 @@
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@@ -237585,9 +327008,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -237616,15 +327042,15 @@
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@@ -237640,9 +327066,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -237671,15 +327100,15 @@
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+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -237695,9 +327124,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -237726,15 +327158,15 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -237750,9 +327182,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -237781,15 +327216,15 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -237836,36 +327271,20 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -237876,33 +327295,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
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             {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -237946,18 +327375,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                          "name": "value",
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                          3,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238001,18 +327483,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238025,9 +327516,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -238056,18 +327550,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Rate"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238111,36 +327627,24 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
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+            {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -238151,33 +327655,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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+                    "output_names": [
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+                    ],
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
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+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238221,18 +327744,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238276,18 +327807,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 21,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                      "secs": 10
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             {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238334,18 +327874,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238358,12 +327920,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -238392,18 +327951,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
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             {
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238416,12 +327983,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -238450,18 +328014,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 13,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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             {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238508,18 +328081,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 16,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238532,12 +328127,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -238566,18 +328158,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
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             {
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238590,12 +328190,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -238624,18 +328221,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "child": 11,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238682,18 +328288,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
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+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -238737,66 +328365,25 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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-                    },
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-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
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-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+              "payload": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
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                   }
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-              "producer": 25,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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             {
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+              "id": 15,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -238847,56 +328434,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
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-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -238904,7 +328447,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -238918,9 +328461,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -238950,25 +328496,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -239019,29 +328578,38 @@
               },
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
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                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -239052,16 +328620,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -239072,23 +328641,12 @@
               },
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-                    "measures": [
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-                      }
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-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
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                 }
@@ -239096,7 +328654,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -239110,9 +328668,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -239142,69 +328703,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                          "name": "value",
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-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
-                      ],
-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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                       }
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -239251,15 +328781,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 4,
+                    "child": 0,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 0
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
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@@ -239267,7 +328797,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -239314,12 +328844,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 20,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -239331,7 +328861,7 @@
             },
             {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -239381,12 +328911,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 21,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -239411,7 +328941,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -239425,9 +328955,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -239457,24 +328990,27 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
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-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 10000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
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                 "fields": [
@@ -239521,46 +329057,22 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "child": 8,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                     "dtype": {
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@@ -239571,55 +329083,159 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 9,
+                    "child": 24,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
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               "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
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+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    1
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L64",
+        "id": "P64",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
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+            {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -239663,26 +329279,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 20000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 12,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 2,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -239726,27 +329334,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 13,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 3,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -239760,8 +329359,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
                     },
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@@ -239793,40 +329392,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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+              "role": "Input",
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             },
-            {
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-              "id": 14,
-              "output_schema": {
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -239870,26 +329447,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 3,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                  }
-                }
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -239933,27 +329502,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                }
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-            {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -239966,12 +329526,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -240000,40 +329557,18 @@
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 6,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 8,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -240077,26 +329612,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 7,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -240140,27 +329667,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -240173,12 +329691,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -240207,40 +329722,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 9,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
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@@ -240284,26 +329777,18 @@
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@@ -240347,27 +329832,18 @@
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@@ -240380,12 +329856,9 @@
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@@ -240414,40 +329887,18 @@
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@@ -240460,12 +329911,9 @@
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@@ -240494,29 +329942,18 @@
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@@ -240560,116 +329997,36 @@
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@@ -240685,59 +330042,25 @@
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@@ -240784,15 +330107,15 @@
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@@ -240839,15 +330162,15 @@
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@@ -240894,15 +330217,15 @@
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@@ -240949,20 +330272,36 @@
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@@ -240973,43 +330312,33 @@
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@@ -241053,71 +330382,18 @@
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@@ -241161,27 +330437,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -241194,9 +330461,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -241225,35 +330495,39 @@
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             {
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@@ -241264,54 +330538,54 @@
                   },
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@@ -241322,156 +330596,88 @@
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@@ -241487,9 +330693,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -241518,15 +330727,15 @@
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@@ -241542,9 +330751,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -241573,14 +330785,14 @@
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@@ -241597,9 +330809,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -241628,12 +330843,12 @@
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@@ -241683,12 +330898,12 @@
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@@ -241734,7 +330949,7 @@
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@@ -241928,9 +331143,12 @@
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@@ -241960,23 +331178,30 @@
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-                    "measures": [
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@@ -241990,62 +331215,20 @@
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@@ -242056,85 +331239,36 @@
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@@ -242146,19 +331280,11 @@
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@@ -242166,8 +331292,7 @@
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@@ -242176,39 +331301,33 @@
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@@ -242252,18 +331371,71 @@
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@@ -242307,18 +331479,26 @@
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@@ -242331,12 +331511,9 @@
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-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -242365,18 +331542,27 @@
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -242389,9 +331575,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -242420,18 +331609,40 @@
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@@ -242475,18 +331686,26 @@
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               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -242530,18 +331749,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -242554,9 +331782,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -242585,15 +331816,39 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -242640,60 +331895,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
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+                  "TimeShift": {
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                   }
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@@ -242701,7 +331911,7 @@
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@@ -242748,16 +331958,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
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                     "kind": "range",
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@@ -242765,7 +331975,7 @@
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@@ -242780,8 +331990,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -242815,16 +332025,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "child": 13,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -242845,7 +332055,7 @@
             },
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+              "id": 15,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -242892,22 +332102,42 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
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               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "name": "ts",
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
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+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -242918,43 +332148,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
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@@ -242962,7 +332182,7 @@
             },
             {
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+              "id": 17,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -242976,9 +332196,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243008,24 +332231,30 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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                       }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
+                    },
                     "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
@@ -243033,7 +332262,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -243080,31 +332309,23 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Sort": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
                     "child": 5,
-                    "keys": [
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-                        "ascending": false,
-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
-                        },
-                        "nulls_first": false
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -243151,42 +332372,25 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Limit": {
-                    "child": 6,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
-            }
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-          "roots": [
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-            7
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-        "id": "P56",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243199,9 +332403,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243230,18 +332437,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 19,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243285,18 +332514,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
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             {
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243309,12 +332546,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -243343,18 +332577,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243367,9 +332610,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243398,18 +332644,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 22,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243422,9 +332690,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243453,18 +332724,29 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243477,12 +332759,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243511,36 +332790,116 @@
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-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 24
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                      }
+                    },
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+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 27,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -243556,22 +332915,56 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 26
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L64",
+        "id": "P64-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
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             {
-              "consumer": 8,
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -243621,16 +333014,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243674,71 +333069,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 3,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243751,9 +333093,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243782,27 +333127,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 2,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -243815,12 +333151,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -243849,40 +333182,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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@@ -243926,80 +333237,18 @@
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@@ -244012,12 +333261,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -244046,40 +333292,18 @@
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@@ -244123,22 +333347,18 @@
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@@ -244182,34 +333402,18 @@
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@@ -244253,38 +333457,12 @@
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@@ -244334,12 +333512,12 @@
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@@ -244389,14 +333567,14 @@
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@@ -244413,12 +333591,9 @@
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@@ -244447,12 +333622,12 @@
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@@ -244502,12 +333677,12 @@
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@@ -244562,7 +333737,7 @@
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@@ -244612,12 +333787,12 @@
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@@ -244667,12 +333842,12 @@
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@@ -244727,7 +333902,7 @@
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@@ -244777,12 +333952,12 @@
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@@ -244832,12 +334007,12 @@
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@@ -244892,7 +334067,7 @@
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@@ -244942,12 +334117,12 @@
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@@ -244997,14 +334172,14 @@
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@@ -245021,9 +334196,12 @@
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@@ -245052,14 +334230,14 @@
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@@ -245076,9 +334254,12 @@
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@@ -245107,14 +334288,14 @@
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@@ -245131,9 +334312,12 @@
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@@ -245162,14 +334346,14 @@
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@@ -245186,9 +334370,12 @@
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@@ -245217,14 +334404,14 @@
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@@ -245241,9 +334428,12 @@
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@@ -245272,14 +334462,14 @@
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@@ -245296,9 +334486,12 @@
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@@ -245327,14 +334520,14 @@
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@@ -245351,9 +334544,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -245382,12 +334578,12 @@
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@@ -245437,18 +334633,67 @@
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
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@@ -245492,18 +334737,71 @@
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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@@ -245516,12 +334814,9 @@
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                   {
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@@ -245550,18 +334845,27 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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@@ -245575,8 +334879,8 @@
                   {
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                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
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@@ -245608,18 +334912,40 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Rate"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -245632,12 +334958,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -245666,18 +334989,80 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 13,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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             {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
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+              "id": 4,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": true,
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                  ]
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+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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                   {
@@ -245690,12 +335075,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -245724,18 +335106,26 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 0
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                   {
@@ -245748,12 +335138,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -245782,18 +335169,28 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -245840,18 +335237,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 22,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -245864,12 +335283,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -245898,18 +335314,26 @@
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-              "producer": 23,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -245953,18 +335377,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 24,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+              "id": 10,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -245977,9 +335411,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -246008,15 +335445,39 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 25,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+              "id": 11,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246067,56 +335528,11 @@
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
-                        {
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-                          "name": "value",
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-                        {
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-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
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-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
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                   }
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@@ -246124,7 +335540,7 @@
             },
             {
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-              "id": 1,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246176,11 +335592,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 11,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
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@@ -246188,7 +335604,8 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
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+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246203,8 +335620,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -246243,11 +335660,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 12,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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                     "filter": null,
@@ -246268,7 +335685,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246318,19 +335735,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
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@@ -246341,16 +335778,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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@@ -246361,23 +335799,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "output_names": [
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-                    "reduction": {
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+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -246385,7 +335812,88 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 16,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246440,7 +335948,7 @@
                     "child": 0,
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@@ -246448,7 +335956,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246500,7 +336008,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "child": 5,
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@@ -246512,7 +336020,8 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246567,7 +336076,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 18,
                     "family": {
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                         "Sum",
@@ -246592,7 +336101,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246647,7 +336156,7 @@
                     "child": 0,
                     "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
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@@ -246655,7 +336164,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246707,7 +336216,7 @@
               "payload": {
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+                    "child": 20,
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@@ -246719,7 +336228,8 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246774,7 +336284,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "child": 9,
+                    "child": 21,
                     "family": {
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                         "Sum",
@@ -246799,7 +336309,7 @@
             },
             {
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246813,9 +336323,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -246845,24 +336358,27 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 20000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -246912,43 +336428,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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-                    "child": 11,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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               "output_schema": {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -246959,17 +336451,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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@@ -246981,73 +336485,84 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 12,
+                    "child": 24,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
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+                      "item": {
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+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
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               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
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-                    "table": null
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-                    "nullable": false,
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
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@@ -247056,21 +336571,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 30000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      }
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                   }
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-            },
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+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L64",
+        "id": "P64-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
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-              "id": 15,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -247114,27 +336647,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-            {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -247147,12 +336671,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -247181,40 +336702,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -247227,9 +336726,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -247258,26 +336760,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -247321,27 +336815,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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-            {
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-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -247354,12 +336839,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -247388,39 +336870,66 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 18,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                      }
+                    "name": "job",
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     },
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+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                ]
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+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
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+              "id": 0,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -247471,11 +336980,56 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -247483,7 +337037,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
+              "id": 1,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -247535,11 +337089,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 20,
+                    "child": 0,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
+                      "secs": 60
                     }
                   }
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@@ -247547,7 +337101,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
+              "id": 2,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -247562,8 +337116,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -247602,11 +337156,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 1,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
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                     "filter": null,
@@ -247627,7 +337181,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -247641,12 +337195,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -247676,46 +337227,23 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      7,
-                      10,
-                      13,
-                      16,
-                      19,
-                      22
-                    ]
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -247726,17 +337254,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -247746,35 +337273,35 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 23
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 3,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
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+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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@@ -247785,89 +337312,118 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Sort": {
-                    "child": 24,
-                    "keys": [
-                      {
-                        "ascending": false,
-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
                         },
-                        "nulls_first": false
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
-                    ],
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
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               },
@@ -247876,14 +337432,14 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Limit": {
-                    "child": 25,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 5
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -247891,12 +337447,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
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+            6
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L58",
-        "id": "P58",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L65",
+        "id": "P65",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 whole-expression CMS+heap · shared input"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -248125,10 +337681,10 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 6,
+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -248175,18 +337731,67 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
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+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    0
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+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
+          "nodes": [
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -248230,18 +337835,71 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
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+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -248285,18 +337943,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -248309,9 +337976,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -248340,18 +338010,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -248395,36 +338087,174 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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-                    "nullable": false,
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                     "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                      ]
+                    }
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+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
                   },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                    },
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+                ]
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
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+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -248440,25 +338270,59 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      "TopK": {
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+                      }
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+                    "summary_input": 5
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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+            6
+          ]
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+        "from_logical": "L66",
+        "id": "P66",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 whole-expression CountSketch+heap · shared input"
+      },
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
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+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -248505,15 +338369,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -248560,15 +338424,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 12,
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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@@ -248615,15 +338479,56 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 13,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 15,
+              "consumer": 4,
+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+              "role": "Input",
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -248670,15 +338575,15 @@
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+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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@@ -248725,15 +338630,15 @@
                   ]
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -248780,18 +338685,16 @@
                   ]
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               "role": "Input",
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-            },
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -248835,18 +338738,71 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
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+                        {
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+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                          3,
+                          0
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -248890,18 +338846,27 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -248945,18 +338910,142 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                      }
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+                    "output_names": [
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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             },
             {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                "time_index": null,
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+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 2,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
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+              "id": 4,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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+                    "name": "sum",
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+                "unique_keys": [
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -249000,18 +339089,34 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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+                    "output_names": [
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -249055,18 +339160,34 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Sort": {
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+                    "keys": [
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+                        "expr": {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -249110,15 +339231,41 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 22,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -249424,12 +339487,9 @@
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@@ -249916,29 +339950,53 @@
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@@ -249978,25 +340036,9 @@
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@@ -250017,9 +340059,12 @@
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@@ -250049,62 +340094,31 @@
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@@ -250158,16 +340172,12 @@
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@@ -250221,17 +340231,24 @@
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@@ -250252,12 +340269,9 @@
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@@ -250287,39 +340301,43 @@
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@@ -250363,26 +340381,18 @@
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@@ -250426,27 +340436,18 @@
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@@ -250459,12 +340460,9 @@
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@@ -250493,40 +340491,59 @@
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@@ -250570,26 +340587,18 @@
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@@ -250633,27 +340642,18 @@
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@@ -250666,12 +340666,9 @@
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@@ -250700,40 +340697,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -250777,26 +340752,18 @@
                   ]
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -250840,27 +340807,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -250873,12 +340831,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -250907,40 +340862,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -250984,26 +340917,18 @@
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@@ -251047,27 +340972,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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                   {
@@ -251080,12 +340996,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -251114,40 +341027,18 @@
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-                    },
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-                  }
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             {
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@@ -251191,26 +341082,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -251254,27 +341137,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -251287,12 +341161,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -251321,40 +341192,18 @@
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             {
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                   {
@@ -251367,12 +341216,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -251401,29 +341247,18 @@
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@@ -251467,22 +341302,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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@@ -251526,34 +341357,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -251597,38 +341412,67 @@
                   ]
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+                  {
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+                  {
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-      },
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -251678,14 +341522,14 @@
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               "role": "Input",
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -251702,9 +341546,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -251733,12 +341580,12 @@
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@@ -251758,8 +341605,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -251791,14 +341638,14 @@
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@@ -251815,9 +341662,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -251846,14 +341696,14 @@
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@@ -251870,9 +341720,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -251901,14 +341754,14 @@
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -251925,9 +341778,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -251956,12 +341812,12 @@
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -251970,6 +341826,25 @@
               "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                   {
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@@ -251980,43 +341855,33 @@
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
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-                          }
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-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                     0
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -252029,9 +341894,12 @@
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                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -252060,71 +341928,18 @@
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+            },
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                          "name": "value",
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252168,27 +341983,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 24,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 26,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "range": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252201,12 +342007,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -252226,48 +342029,24 @@
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
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+              "producer": 25,
+              "role": "Input",
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 0,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -252317,19 +342096,84 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
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+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 1,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -252340,16 +342184,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -252360,23 +342205,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -252384,7 +342218,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -252441,8 +342275,7 @@
                     "having": null,
                     "measures": [
                       {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
+                        "kind": "rate"
                       }
                     ],
                     "output_names": [
@@ -252455,7 +342288,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -252469,19 +342302,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -252503,37 +342326,22 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 2,
                     "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
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                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
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+                      "item": null,
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
                     "reduction": {
@@ -252547,7 +342355,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -252559,19 +342367,11 @@
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
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-                    "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "sum",
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                     "table": null
                   }
@@ -252579,8 +342379,7 @@
                 "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    0
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@@ -252590,38 +342389,16 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 6
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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                   }
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-        "id": "P59",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap · shared input"
-      },
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             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252665,18 +342442,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
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-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252720,18 +342505,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
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+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252745,8 +342539,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -252778,18 +342572,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252833,18 +342649,26 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252888,18 +342712,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -252946,121 +342779,39 @@
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-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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                   }
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
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             {
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+              "id": 11,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -253111,56 +342862,11 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
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-                          "table": null
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-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                          3,
-                          0
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-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 20000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -253168,7 +342874,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 12,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -253220,11 +342926,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 11,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -253232,7 +342938,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 13,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -253247,8 +342953,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -253287,11 +342993,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 12,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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                     "filter": null,
@@ -253312,7 +343018,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 14,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -253362,19 +343068,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 15,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -253385,16 +343111,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -253405,23 +343132,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 14,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -253429,7 +343145,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -253484,7 +343200,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 15,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -253509,7 +343225,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 17,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -253559,111 +343275,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 5
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
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-                  ]
-                ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
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-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
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-                      ]
-                    }
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-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -253679,21 +343323,13 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -253702,39 +343338,22 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 7
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 17,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
-            }
-          ],
-          "roots": [
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-            8
-          ]
-        },
-        "from_logical": "L60",
-        "id": "P60",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
-          "edges": [
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             {
-              "consumer": 1,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 19,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -253747,9 +343366,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -253778,18 +343400,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -253833,18 +343477,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -253857,12 +343509,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -253891,18 +343540,27 @@
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-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 20,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -253915,9 +343573,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -253946,18 +343607,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -253970,9 +343653,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -254001,18 +343687,29 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -254056,18 +343753,22 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 23
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -254111,12 +343812,109 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Sort": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "keys": [
+                      {
+                        "ascending": false,
+                        "expr": {
+                          "Column": 1
+                        },
+                        "nulls_first": false
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 8,
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Limit": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L69",
+        "id": "P69",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
+          "edges": [
+            {
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -254171,7 +343969,7 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -254221,12 +344019,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 10,
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -254276,17 +344074,58 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 9,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 11,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 3,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 6,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -254331,15 +344170,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 12,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -254386,15 +344225,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 11,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 13,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -254441,15 +344280,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 14,
+              "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -254496,15 +344335,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 15,
+              "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -254551,15 +344390,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 16,
+              "consumer": 11,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -254606,15 +344445,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
+              "producer": 10,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 17,
+              "consumer": 12,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -254661,15 +344500,70 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 18,
+              "consumer": 13,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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@@ -254716,15 +344610,15 @@
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@@ -254771,15 +344665,15 @@
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@@ -254826,15 +344720,15 @@
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@@ -254881,15 +344775,15 @@
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@@ -254936,15 +344830,15 @@
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@@ -254960,12 +344854,9 @@
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@@ -254994,15 +344885,15 @@
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@@ -255018,12 +344909,9 @@
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@@ -255052,15 +344940,15 @@
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@@ -255076,12 +344964,9 @@
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@@ -255110,15 +344995,15 @@
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@@ -255134,12 +345019,9 @@
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@@ -255168,15 +345050,15 @@
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@@ -255192,12 +345074,9 @@
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@@ -255226,15 +345105,15 @@
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@@ -255284,7 +345163,7 @@
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@@ -255292,7 +345171,7 @@
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@@ -255342,15 +345221,15 @@
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@@ -255366,9 +345245,12 @@
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@@ -255397,67 +345279,18 @@
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
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@@ -255470,9 +345303,12 @@
                   },
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@@ -255501,71 +345337,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -255578,9 +345361,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -255609,27 +345395,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -255643,8 +345420,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -255676,40 +345453,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
-              }
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-            {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -255722,9 +345477,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -255753,80 +345511,18 @@
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-                  }
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -255870,26 +345566,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -255933,26 +345621,15 @@
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-                    }
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@@ -255966,12 +345643,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -256001,38 +345675,69 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                        {
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+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                    "source": {
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                       }
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256083,11 +345788,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
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@@ -256095,7 +345801,7 @@
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@@ -256146,29 +345852,35 @@
               },
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-                    "child": 8,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 10,
+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
@@ -256181,28 +345893,11 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-                  {
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-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -256214,7 +345909,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 9,
+                    "child": 2,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -256232,33 +345927,21 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 11,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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-                  {
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                   {
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@@ -256269,17 +345952,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
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-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
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@@ -256289,20 +345971,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 20000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 12,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -256349,104 +346027,68 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                  {
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-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
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-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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-                    "table": null
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-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 12,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
                       ]
                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 14,
+              "id": 6,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256493,15 +346135,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 5,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                      "offset_ms": 0
                     }
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@@ -256509,7 +346151,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 7,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256556,12 +346198,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 14,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -256573,7 +346215,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 16,
+              "id": 8,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -256623,12 +346265,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 15,
+                    "child": 7,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -256653,7 +346295,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256700,15 +346342,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 5,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                      "offset_ms": 10000
                     }
                   }
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@@ -256716,7 +346358,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256763,12 +346405,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 17,
+                    "child": 9,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -256780,7 +346422,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256830,12 +346472,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "child": 10,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -256860,7 +346502,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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@@ -256907,15 +346549,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
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+                    "child": 5,
                     "shift": {
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-                      "offset_ms": 50000
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                     }
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@@ -256923,7 +346565,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 13,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -256970,12 +346612,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
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+                    "child": 12,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
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@@ -256987,7 +346629,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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@@ -257037,12 +346679,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 13,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -257067,7 +346709,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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@@ -257081,12 +346723,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -257116,27 +346755,24 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      7,
-                      10,
-                      13,
-                      16,
-                      19,
-                      22
-                    ]
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
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@@ -257183,22 +346819,46 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 23
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "child": 15,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 17,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -257209,159 +346869,55 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 24,
+                    "child": 16,
                     "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
+                      "item": null,
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
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               }
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                "ASAP": {
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-        "from_logical": "L61",
-        "id": "P61",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257405,18 +346961,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257460,18 +347024,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257485,8 +347058,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -257518,73 +347091,40 @@
                   ]
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 19,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
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             {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257628,18 +347168,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257683,18 +347231,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257707,9 +347264,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -257738,18 +347298,40 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257762,9 +347344,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -257793,18 +347378,29 @@
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-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -257848,18 +347444,22 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -257903,18 +347503,34 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -257958,15 +347574,41 @@
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-            },
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+            27
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@@ -258013,15 +347655,15 @@
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@@ -258068,15 +347710,15 @@
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@@ -258123,36 +347765,20 @@
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@@ -258163,30 +347789,32 @@
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@@ -258233,15 +347861,15 @@
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@@ -258290,13 +347918,13 @@
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@@ -258343,15 +347971,15 @@
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@@ -258398,15 +348026,15 @@
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@@ -258453,15 +348081,15 @@
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@@ -258508,15 +348136,15 @@
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@@ -258563,15 +348191,15 @@
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@@ -258587,12 +348215,9 @@
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@@ -258621,15 +348246,15 @@
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@@ -258645,12 +348270,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -258679,15 +348301,15 @@
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@@ -258703,12 +348325,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -258737,15 +348356,15 @@
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@@ -258761,12 +348380,9 @@
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@@ -258795,15 +348411,15 @@
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@@ -258819,12 +348435,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -258853,15 +348466,15 @@
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@@ -258877,12 +348490,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -258911,14 +348521,14 @@
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@@ -258935,12 +348545,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -258969,12 +348576,12 @@
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@@ -259024,20 +348631,36 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -259048,43 +348671,33 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
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@@ -259128,71 +348741,18 @@
                   ]
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -259236,27 +348796,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259270,8 +348821,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -259303,40 +348854,18 @@
                   ]
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259349,9 +348878,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -259380,24 +348912,39 @@
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             {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -259408,52 +348955,33 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                        2
-                      ]
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259466,9 +348994,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -259497,71 +349028,18 @@
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259574,9 +349052,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -259605,26 +349086,18 @@
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             {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259637,9 +349110,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -259668,27 +349144,18 @@
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259735,40 +349202,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259812,26 +349257,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -259875,26 +349312,15 @@
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@@ -259908,12 +349334,9 @@
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -259943,38 +349366,69 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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@@ -260021,15 +349475,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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@@ -260037,7 +349492,7 @@
             },
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@@ -260084,33 +349539,39 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
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@@ -260123,40 +349584,23 @@
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                 ],
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                     0
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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                     "family": {
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                         "Sum",
@@ -260174,14 +349618,60 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
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+                        2
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@@ -260228,15 +349718,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -260244,7 +349734,7 @@
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@@ -260291,12 +349781,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -260308,7 +349798,8 @@
             },
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@@ -260358,12 +349849,12 @@
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@@ -260388,7 +349879,7 @@
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@@ -260435,15 +349926,15 @@
               },
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@@ -260451,7 +349942,7 @@
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@@ -260498,12 +349989,12 @@
               },
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@@ -260515,7 +350006,8 @@
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@@ -260565,12 +350057,12 @@
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@@ -260595,7 +350087,7 @@
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@@ -260642,15 +350134,15 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -260658,7 +350150,7 @@
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@@ -260705,12 +350197,12 @@
               },
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@@ -260722,7 +350214,8 @@
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@@ -260772,12 +350265,12 @@
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@@ -260802,7 +350295,7 @@
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@@ -260816,12 +350309,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -260851,27 +350341,24 @@
                 ]
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@@ -260921,19 +350408,44 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -260944,29 +350456,17 @@
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@@ -260978,125 +350478,33 @@
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@@ -261140,131 +350548,26 @@
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@@ -261308,73 +350611,28 @@
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@@ -261387,9 +350645,12 @@
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@@ -261418,66 +350679,39 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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+                    "family": {
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@@ -261528,56 +350762,11 @@
               },
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@@ -261585,7 +350774,7 @@
             },
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@@ -261637,11 +350826,11 @@
               "payload": {
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                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
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@@ -261649,7 +350838,8 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -261664,8 +350854,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -261704,11 +350894,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 21,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Rate"
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@@ -261729,7 +350919,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -261743,9 +350933,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -261775,23 +350968,46 @@
                 ]
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
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                   {
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@@ -261802,16 +351018,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -261821,32 +351038,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
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               }
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -261897,122 +351098,46 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
+                  "Sort": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "keys": [
                       {
-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
+                        "ascending": false,
+                        "expr": {
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+                        },
+                        "nulls_first": false
                       }
                     ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
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                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
-                  }
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-                "unique_keys": [
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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-              }
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-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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                   {
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@@ -262028,21 +351153,13 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
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                 ]
               },
@@ -262051,14 +351168,14 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 6
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Limit": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -262066,12 +351183,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
-            7
+            26
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L62",
-        "id": "P62",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L69",
+        "id": "P69-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -262150,68 +351267,10 @@
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
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-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
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-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
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-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -262240,12 +351299,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -262295,36 +351354,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 5,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -262335,29 +351378,31 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                     0
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-              "producer": 1,
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             {
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+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -262374,12 +351419,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -262408,12 +351450,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -262463,12 +351505,12 @@
                   ]
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -262489,13 +351531,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -262514,7 +351556,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 6,
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@@ -262708,12 +351750,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -262743,30 +351782,23 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Rate"
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
                       }
-                    },
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
                     "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
@@ -262778,22 +351810,6 @@
               "output_schema": {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -262804,82 +351820,48 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 2,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "col": null,
-                        "kind": "sum"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
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                       }
-                    ],
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                     "reduction": {
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                         2
@@ -262891,29 +351873,10 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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-                    "name": "ts",
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -262924,54 +351887,35 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -263021,16 +351965,28 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 5
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
+                      }
+                    ],
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 6,
               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -263046,13 +352002,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
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                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -263078,17 +352034,17 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 5,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -263122,7 +352078,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 7,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -263171,7 +352127,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 7
+                    "summary_input": 6
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -263179,12 +352135,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
-            8
+            7
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L63",
-        "id": "P63",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L70",
+        "id": "P70",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap · shared input"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -263302,7 +352258,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -263319,12 +352275,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -263360,29 +352313,13 @@
             {
               "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -263393,17 +352330,19 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -263463,14 +352402,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -263487,9 +352426,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -263580,29 +352522,13 @@
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -263613,33 +352539,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
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+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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               "role": "Input",
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-            },
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             {
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -263683,18 +352619,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
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+                        },
+                        {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                          3,
+                          0
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+                      }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -263738,18 +352727,27 @@
                   ]
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-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -263793,36 +352791,35 @@
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "rate"
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@@ -263833,106 +352830,63 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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-              "data_state": {
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-                  {
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@@ -263943,33 +352897,36 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -263982,9 +352939,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -264013,73 +352973,40 @@
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@@ -264123,36 +353050,24 @@
                   ]
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-              "data_state": {
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -264163,51 +353078,88 @@
                   },
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+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "params": {
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+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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+                    "family": {
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+                              "width": 272
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -264223,37 +353175,6 @@
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@@ -264262,38 +353183,48 @@
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@@ -264343,12 +353274,12 @@
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@@ -264398,14 +353329,14 @@
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@@ -264422,12 +353353,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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@@ -264456,12 +353384,12 @@
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@@ -264472,10 +353400,10 @@
                 "fields": [
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@@ -264488,40 +353416,23 @@
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@@ -264538,12 +353449,9 @@
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@@ -264572,14 +353480,14 @@
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@@ -264596,12 +353504,9 @@
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@@ -264630,14 +353535,14 @@
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@@ -264654,12 +353559,9 @@
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@@ -264688,14 +353590,14 @@
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@@ -264712,12 +353614,9 @@
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@@ -264746,14 +353645,14 @@
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@@ -264770,12 +353669,9 @@
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@@ -264804,12 +353700,12 @@
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@@ -264859,67 +353755,18 @@
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@@ -264963,71 +353810,18 @@
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@@ -265071,27 +353865,18 @@
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@@ -265104,12 +353889,9 @@
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@@ -265138,40 +353920,18 @@
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@@ -265215,80 +353975,18 @@
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@@ -265332,26 +354030,18 @@
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@@ -265395,27 +354085,18 @@
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@@ -265428,12 +354109,9 @@
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@@ -265462,40 +354140,18 @@
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@@ -265539,26 +354195,18 @@
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@@ -265602,27 +354250,18 @@
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@@ -265635,12 +354274,9 @@
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@@ -265669,40 +354305,18 @@
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@@ -265746,26 +354360,18 @@
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@@ -265809,27 +354415,18 @@
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@@ -265876,40 +354473,18 @@
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@@ -265922,9 +354497,12 @@
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@@ -265953,26 +354531,18 @@
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@@ -265985,9 +354555,12 @@
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@@ -266016,27 +354589,18 @@
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@@ -266083,40 +354647,18 @@
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-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 16,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 15,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266129,9 +354671,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -266160,26 +354705,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 40000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 19,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266192,9 +354729,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -266223,27 +354763,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 17,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 22,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 24,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266290,40 +354821,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 18,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 23,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 25,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266367,44 +354876,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 50000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 24,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 26,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -266415,41 +354900,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
+              "producer": 25,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
+          "nodes": [
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
+              "id": 0,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -266463,12 +354949,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -266497,39 +354980,70 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 21,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
                       ]
                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 1,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -266543,12 +355057,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -266578,27 +355089,25 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      7,
-                      10,
-                      13,
-                      16,
-                      19,
-                      22
-                    ]
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
+              "id": 2,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -266648,16 +355157,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 23
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -266671,19 +355191,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -266705,37 +355215,22 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 24,
+                    "child": 2,
                     "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
+                      "item": null,
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
                     "reduction": {
@@ -266749,7 +355244,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -266761,19 +355256,11 @@
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
@@ -266781,8 +355268,7 @@
                 "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -266792,38 +355278,16 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 25
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 3
                   }
                 }
               }
-            }
-          ],
-          "roots": [
-            4,
-            26
-          ]
-        },
-        "from_logical": "L64",
-        "id": "P64",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
-          "edges": [
+            },
             {
-              "consumer": 1,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266867,18 +355331,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 6,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266922,18 +355394,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 7,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -266947,8 +355428,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -266980,18 +355461,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 8,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267035,18 +355538,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267090,18 +355601,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 8,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 10,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267114,9 +355634,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -267145,18 +355668,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 11,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267200,18 +355745,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267255,18 +355808,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 11,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 13,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267279,9 +355841,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -267310,18 +355875,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 9,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267365,18 +355952,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 15,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267420,18 +356015,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 14,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267444,9 +356048,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -267475,18 +356082,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267530,18 +356159,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 13,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267585,18 +356222,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 17,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 19,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267609,9 +356255,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -267640,18 +356289,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267695,18 +356366,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 16,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267750,18 +356429,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 20,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267774,9 +356462,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -267805,18 +356496,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267829,9 +356542,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -267860,18 +356576,29 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -267915,36 +356642,116 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 23
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
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+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -267960,25 +356767,59 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
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                   }
                 ],
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                 ]
               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L72",
+        "id": "P72",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
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             {
-              "consumer": 23,
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -268025,15 +356866,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 22,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -268049,12 +356890,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -268083,15 +356921,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 1,
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               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -268107,12 +356945,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -268141,15 +356976,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -268157,10 +356992,10 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
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                   {
@@ -268173,40 +357008,23 @@
                     "name": "state",
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-                  },
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-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                     0
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               },
-              "producer": 14,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -268223,12 +357041,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -268257,14 +357072,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 5,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -268281,12 +357096,9 @@
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@@ -268315,14 +357127,14 @@
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@@ -268339,12 +357151,9 @@
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@@ -268373,15 +357182,15 @@
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@@ -268397,12 +357206,9 @@
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@@ -268431,15 +357237,15 @@
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@@ -268486,67 +357292,18 @@
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@@ -268590,71 +357347,18 @@
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@@ -268698,27 +357402,18 @@
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@@ -268731,12 +357426,9 @@
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@@ -268765,40 +357457,18 @@
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@@ -268842,80 +357512,18 @@
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@@ -268959,71 +357567,18 @@
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@@ -269067,26 +357622,18 @@
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@@ -269130,27 +357677,18 @@
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@@ -269163,12 +357701,9 @@
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@@ -269197,40 +357732,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -269274,26 +357787,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -269337,27 +357842,18 @@
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@@ -269370,12 +357866,9 @@
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@@ -269404,40 +357897,18 @@
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@@ -269481,26 +357952,18 @@
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@@ -269544,27 +358007,18 @@
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@@ -269611,40 +358065,18 @@
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@@ -269657,9 +358089,12 @@
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@@ -269688,26 +358123,18 @@
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -269720,9 +358147,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -269751,27 +358181,18 @@
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-                      "secs": 10
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -269818,40 +358239,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+            {
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                   {
@@ -269864,9 +358263,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -269895,26 +358297,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      "offset_ms": 40000
-                    }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -269927,9 +358321,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -269958,27 +358355,18 @@
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-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -270025,40 +358413,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -270102,44 +358468,20 @@
                   ]
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-                      "offset_ms": 50000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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@@ -270150,41 +358492,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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@@ -270198,12 +358541,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                   },
@@ -270233,38 +358573,69 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                          "table": null
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+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
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-                      "weight_domain": {
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+                    "source": {
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                       }
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@@ -270278,12 +358649,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -270313,27 +358681,25 @@
                 ]
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-                      11,
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-                      20,
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@@ -270383,16 +358749,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                "ASAP": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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               "output_schema": {
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@@ -270406,19 +358783,9 @@
                   },
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-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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                     "name": "state",
@@ -270440,37 +358807,22 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
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                     "family": {
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-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
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-                        },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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                     "input": {
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-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
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                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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                     "reduction": {
@@ -270484,7 +358836,7 @@
             },
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@@ -270496,19 +358848,11 @@
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@@ -270516,8 +358860,7 @@
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                   [
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@@ -270527,38 +358870,16 @@
               },
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                 "ASAP": {
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-                      }
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+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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@@ -270602,73 +358923,71 @@
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                   {
@@ -270681,12 +359000,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -270715,18 +359031,26 @@
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-            },
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-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -270770,18 +359094,27 @@
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -270794,9 +359127,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
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@@ -270825,66 +359161,39 @@
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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@@ -270931,60 +359240,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -270992,7 +359256,7 @@
             },
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@@ -271039,16 +359303,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
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@@ -271056,7 +359320,7 @@
             },
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@@ -271071,8 +359335,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -271106,16 +359370,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
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                 "ASAP": {
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                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
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@@ -271136,7 +359400,7 @@
             },
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@@ -271183,22 +359447,42 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                "ASAP": {
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               "output_schema": {
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@@ -271209,43 +359493,33 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                  "TimeRange": {
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@@ -271253,10 +359527,29 @@
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@@ -271267,159 +359560,118 @@
                   },
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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                     "family": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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                     "input": {
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-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
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                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
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-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
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                   {
@@ -271463,18 +359715,27 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -271487,9 +359748,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -271518,18 +359782,40 @@
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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@@ -271542,12 +359828,9 @@
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-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -271576,18 +359859,26 @@
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               },
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -271631,18 +359922,27 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -271655,9 +359955,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -271686,66 +359989,39 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -271792,60 +360068,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
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                   }
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@@ -271853,7 +360084,7 @@
             },
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@@ -271900,16 +360131,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
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                     "kind": "range",
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@@ -271917,7 +360148,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -271932,8 +360163,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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                     "name": "state",
@@ -271967,16 +360198,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
@@ -271997,7 +360228,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -272011,9 +360242,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -272043,23 +360277,46 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
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+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
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               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                  {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -272070,16 +360327,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -272089,32 +360347,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -272130,13 +360372,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
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                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -272162,17 +360404,17 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
+                              "width": 272
                             }
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@@ -272206,7 +360448,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -272255,7 +360497,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 5
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                   }
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@@ -272263,12 +360505,12 @@
           ],
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             4,
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           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L66",
-        "id": "P66",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Rate acc) · Q2 whole-expression CountSketch+heap · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L72",
+        "id": "P72-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -272530,7 +360772,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
@@ -272643,13 +360885,15 @@
               "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              },
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -272693,71 +360937,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
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-            {
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@@ -272801,27 +360992,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                  }
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -272865,35 +361047,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                  }
-                }
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-            {
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-              "id": 3,
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                   {
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@@ -272904,63 +361087,51 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                        2
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": false,
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+                    "name": "value",
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -272971,36 +361142,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
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               },
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -273044,34 +361212,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
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-            {
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-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -273115,34 +361267,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              }
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-            {
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-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -273186,38 +361322,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
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-                    "partition_by": [
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-        "id": "P67",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact · shared input"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
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+              "producer": 14,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -273267,12 +361377,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 0,
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               "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -273322,12 +361432,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
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               "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -273377,20 +361487,36 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 2,
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                   {
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@@ -273401,29 +361527,27 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -273473,14 +361597,14 @@
                   ]
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             {
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@@ -273497,12 +361621,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -273531,12 +361652,12 @@
                   ]
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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@@ -273586,14 +361707,14 @@
                   ]
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -273610,9 +361731,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -273644,13 +361768,15 @@
               "producer": 7,
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -273663,9 +361789,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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@@ -273694,71 +361823,18 @@
                   ]
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-                        {
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-                }
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-              "id": 1,
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -273771,9 +361847,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -273802,27 +361881,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      "secs": 60
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -273835,9 +361905,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -273866,41 +361939,26 @@
                   ]
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
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                   },
                   {
@@ -273913,55 +361971,65 @@
                     "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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                     0
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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-                    "family": {
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                         "Sum"
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@@ -273972,36 +362040,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -274048,40 +362113,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -274125,21 +362168,66 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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-                "ASAP": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -274190,27 +362278,64 @@
               },
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-                    "keys": [
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-                        "expr": {
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+                  "Scan": {
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+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
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                         },
-                        "nulls_first": false
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
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+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                          3,
+                          0
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                       }
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                 "fields": [
@@ -274261,38 +362386,21 @@
               },
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-                    "child": 7,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
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+                  "TimeRange": {
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-      },
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             {
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@@ -274336,36 +362444,102 @@
                   ]
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                    "family": {
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@@ -274376,33 +362550,36 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -274446,59 +362623,26 @@
                   ]
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                   {
@@ -274542,18 +362686,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -274566,9 +362720,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -274597,18 +362754,40 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -274652,18 +362831,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -274707,18 +362894,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -274731,9 +362928,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -274762,18 +362962,40 @@
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+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Sum"
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                   {
@@ -274817,18 +363039,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 9,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
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@@ -274872,18 +363102,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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                   {
@@ -274896,9 +363136,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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                     },
-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -274927,18 +363170,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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                   {
@@ -274982,18 +363247,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275037,18 +363310,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+            {
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275061,9 +363344,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -275092,18 +363378,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
+              }
+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275147,18 +363455,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275202,18 +363518,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275226,9 +363552,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -275257,18 +363586,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
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+            {
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+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275312,18 +363663,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 18,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275367,18 +363726,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275391,9 +363760,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -275422,18 +363794,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275446,9 +363840,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -275477,18 +363874,29 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 21,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
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+                }
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+            },
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -275501,12 +363909,9 @@
                   },
                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                   },
@@ -275535,39 +363940,116 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "nullable": false,
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                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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                       ]
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-                  },
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                      }
+                    },
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+                      "Reduce": [
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+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -275583,24 +364065,58 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
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                   }
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                   ]
                 ]
               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      "TopK": {
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+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L72",
+        "id": "P72-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
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             {
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+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -275617,12 +364133,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -275651,14 +364164,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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               "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -275675,12 +364188,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -275709,14 +364219,14 @@
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             {
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@@ -275733,12 +364243,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -275767,12 +364274,12 @@
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             {
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@@ -275783,10 +364290,10 @@
                 "fields": [
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-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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@@ -275799,40 +364306,23 @@
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@@ -275849,12 +364339,9 @@
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@@ -275883,12 +364370,12 @@
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@@ -275938,36 +364425,20 @@
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@@ -275978,22 +364449,34 @@
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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@@ -276403,12 +364886,20 @@
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@@ -276419,22 +364910,6 @@
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@@ -276445,33 +364920,77 @@
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@@ -276485,82 +365004,75 @@
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@@ -276604,26 +365116,18 @@
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@@ -276667,27 +365171,18 @@
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@@ -276700,12 +365195,9 @@
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@@ -276734,40 +365226,59 @@
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@@ -276811,26 +365322,18 @@
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@@ -276843,9 +365346,12 @@
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@@ -276874,27 +365380,18 @@
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@@ -276907,12 +365404,9 @@
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@@ -276941,39 +365435,66 @@
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@@ -277024,11 +365545,56 @@
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@@ -277036,7 +365602,7 @@
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@@ -277088,11 +365654,11 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -277100,7 +365666,7 @@
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@@ -277114,12 +365680,9 @@
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@@ -277149,30 +365712,23 @@
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@@ -277180,26 +365736,10 @@
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@@ -277210,32 +365750,52 @@
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+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -277243,26 +365803,10 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -277273,17 +365817,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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@@ -277293,21 +365836,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 17,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -277362,7 +365900,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 18,
+                    "child": 1,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -277387,7 +365925,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
+              "id": 6,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -277437,39 +365975,19 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 50000
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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               }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -277480,84 +365998,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                    },
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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@@ -277569,102 +366032,125 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
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                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      7,
-                      10,
-                      13,
-                      16,
-                      19,
-                      22
-                    ]
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 7
                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            8
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L74",
+        "id": "P74",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+      },
+      {
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -277708,22 +366194,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -277767,34 +366249,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
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-                    "keys": [
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -277838,38 +366304,53 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "producer": 2,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
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-                  "Limit": {
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-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
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+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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+                "unique_keys": [
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -277924,7 +366405,7 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -277974,12 +366455,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 1,
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             },
             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -278029,20 +366510,36 @@
                   ]
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               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                    },
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
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@@ -278053,32 +366550,30 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                     0
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278125,15 +366620,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278180,15 +366675,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 6,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 8,
+              "consumer": 11,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -278235,15 +366730,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 9,
+              "consumer": 12,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278290,15 +366785,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 10,
+              "consumer": 13,
               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278345,15 +366840,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 9,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 11,
+              "consumer": 14,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278400,15 +366895,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 10,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 12,
+              "consumer": 15,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278455,15 +366950,15 @@
                   ]
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               },
-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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+              "consumer": 16,
               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278510,15 +367005,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 14,
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278565,15 +367060,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 13,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278620,15 +367115,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278675,15 +367170,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 15,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278730,15 +367225,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 16,
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278785,15 +367280,15 @@
                   ]
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               },
-              "producer": 5,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 19,
+              "consumer": 22,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -278840,15 +367335,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 18,
+              "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 20,
+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -278864,9 +367359,12 @@
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@@ -278895,15 +367393,15 @@
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@@ -278919,9 +367417,12 @@
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@@ -278950,15 +367451,15 @@
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@@ -278974,9 +367475,12 @@
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@@ -279005,15 +367509,15 @@
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@@ -279029,9 +367533,12 @@
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@@ -279060,15 +367567,15 @@
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@@ -279118,15 +367625,15 @@
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@@ -279176,7 +367683,7 @@
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@@ -279184,7 +367691,7 @@
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@@ -279234,15 +367741,15 @@
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@@ -279258,12 +367765,9 @@
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@@ -279292,18 +367796,67 @@
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
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@@ -279316,12 +367869,9 @@
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@@ -279350,18 +367900,71 @@
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@@ -279374,12 +367977,9 @@
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@@ -279408,18 +368008,27 @@
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@@ -279432,12 +368041,9 @@
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@@ -279466,36 +368072,102 @@
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
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@@ -279506,33 +368178,36 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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                     "table": null
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -279576,15 +368251,25 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-          ],
-          "nodes": [
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                 "fields": [
@@ -279635,56 +368320,12 @@
               },
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-                          "table": null
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-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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@@ -279692,7 +368333,7 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -279706,9 +368347,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -279738,25 +368382,38 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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               "payload": {
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-                    "range": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
                 }
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                 "fields": [
@@ -279807,96 +368464,38 @@
               },
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                   }
                 }
               }
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                   {
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-                "fields": [
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@@ -279907,16 +368506,17 @@
                   },
                   {
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -279926,16 +368526,21 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -279949,9 +368554,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -279981,69 +368589,38 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -280090,15 +368667,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280106,7 +368683,7 @@
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@@ -280153,12 +368730,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280170,7 +368747,7 @@
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@@ -280220,12 +368797,12 @@
               },
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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@@ -280250,7 +368827,7 @@
             },
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@@ -280297,15 +368874,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280313,7 +368890,7 @@
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@@ -280360,12 +368937,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280377,7 +368954,7 @@
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@@ -280427,12 +369004,12 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280457,7 +369034,7 @@
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@@ -280504,15 +369081,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280520,7 +369097,7 @@
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@@ -280567,12 +369144,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
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@@ -280584,7 +369161,7 @@
             },
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@@ -280634,12 +369211,12 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280664,7 +369241,7 @@
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@@ -280711,15 +369288,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280727,7 +369304,7 @@
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@@ -280774,12 +369351,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280791,7 +369368,7 @@
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@@ -280841,12 +369418,12 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280871,7 +369448,7 @@
             },
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@@ -280885,9 +369462,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -280917,24 +369497,27 @@
                 ]
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -280981,46 +369564,22 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -281031,55 +369590,159 @@
                   },
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+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
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+                      "item": {
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                       "weight": {
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                       "weight_domain": {
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+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+            26
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+        "from_logical": "L75",
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -281123,26 +369786,18 @@
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-              "output_schema": {
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@@ -281186,27 +369841,18 @@
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@@ -281219,12 +369865,9 @@
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -281253,40 +369896,59 @@
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                   {
@@ -281299,12 +369961,9 @@
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -281333,29 +369992,18 @@
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@@ -281399,22 +370047,73 @@
                   ]
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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             {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -281458,34 +370157,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -281529,41 +370212,15 @@
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@@ -281610,15 +370267,15 @@
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@@ -281665,15 +370322,15 @@
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@@ -281720,20 +370377,36 @@
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@@ -281744,32 +370417,30 @@
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@@ -281816,15 +370487,15 @@
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@@ -281871,20 +370542,36 @@
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@@ -281895,43 +370582,33 @@
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@@ -281975,71 +370652,18 @@
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@@ -282083,27 +370707,18 @@
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@@ -282147,35 +370762,36 @@
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@@ -282186,63 +370802,51 @@
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@@ -282253,36 +370857,33 @@
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@@ -282326,128 +370927,39 @@
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@@ -282463,59 +370975,25 @@
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@@ -282531,9 +371009,12 @@
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@@ -282562,15 +371043,15 @@
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@@ -282586,9 +371067,12 @@
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@@ -282617,15 +371101,15 @@
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@@ -282641,9 +371125,12 @@
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@@ -282672,15 +371159,15 @@
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@@ -282688,10 +371175,10 @@
                 "fields": [
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@@ -282704,24 +371191,41 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                     0
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -282737,9 +371241,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -282768,12 +371275,12 @@
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@@ -282826,12 +371333,12 @@
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@@ -282881,12 +371388,12 @@
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@@ -282907,13 +371414,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
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                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
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@@ -282932,7 +371439,7 @@
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@@ -283292,86 +371799,6 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -283418,103 +371845,60 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+                    "schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          "nullable": false,
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-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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                         },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                    "source": {
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                       }
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-                    "reduction": {
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@@ -283522,342 +371906,8 @@
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@@ -283901,18 +371951,26 @@
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@@ -283956,18 +372014,27 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
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                   {
@@ -283980,9 +372047,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -284011,18 +372081,40 @@
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+              "output_state": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -284066,18 +372158,26 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                   {
@@ -284121,18 +372221,27 @@
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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@@ -284145,9 +372254,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -284176,18 +372288,40 @@
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284231,18 +372365,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
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+                }
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+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284286,18 +372428,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284310,9 +372461,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -284341,18 +372495,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 13,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 15,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284396,18 +372572,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "child": 5,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284451,18 +372635,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284475,9 +372668,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -284506,18 +372702,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284561,18 +372779,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284616,18 +372842,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284640,9 +372875,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -284671,18 +372909,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 19,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284726,18 +372986,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 20,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284781,18 +373049,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 21,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284839,18 +373116,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284897,18 +373196,29 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -284921,12 +373231,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -284955,39 +373262,116 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 24
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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+                ],
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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+                    },
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+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
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+                }
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+              "id": 27,
+              "output_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -285003,24 +373387,58 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
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                   }
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                 "unique_keys": [
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+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 16,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                      "TopK": {
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+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 26
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
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+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L75",
+        "id": "P75-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -285037,12 +373455,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -285071,14 +373486,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -285095,12 +373510,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -285129,14 +373541,14 @@
                   ]
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               "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -285153,12 +373565,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -285187,36 +373596,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 23,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 25,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -285227,35 +373620,53 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
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                   }
                 ],
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             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -285266,43 +373677,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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                 ]
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-              "producer": 25,
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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-          "nodes": [
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285346,71 +373747,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+            {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                        },
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-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285454,27 +373802,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-            {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285518,35 +373857,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
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-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -285557,63 +373897,51 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
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-                }
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -285624,36 +373952,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
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-              "guarantee": null,
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285697,26 +374022,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285760,27 +374077,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285793,12 +374101,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -285827,40 +374132,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285904,26 +374187,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -285967,27 +374242,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286000,12 +374266,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -286034,40 +374297,18 @@
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+              "producer": 15,
+              "role": "Input",
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286111,26 +374352,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286174,27 +374407,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286207,12 +374431,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
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-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -286241,40 +374462,18 @@
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+              "role": "Input",
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286318,26 +374517,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286381,27 +374572,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286414,12 +374596,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -286448,40 +374627,18 @@
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286494,9 +374651,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -286525,26 +374685,18 @@
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286557,9 +374709,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -286588,27 +374743,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 17,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 10,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286655,40 +374801,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 13,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 18,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286701,9 +374825,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -286732,26 +374859,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 50000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 16,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286764,9 +374883,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -286795,27 +374917,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 20,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 19,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 23,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286862,40 +374975,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 22,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 24,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 21,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -286942,29 +375033,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      7,
-                      10,
-                      13,
-                      16,
-                      19,
-                      22
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 23,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 25,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287008,22 +375088,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 23
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 24,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 26,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287038,13 +375114,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -287063,91 +375139,56 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 24,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
+              "producer": 25,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
+          "nodes": [
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
+              "id": 0,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -287156,39 +375197,66 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 25
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          ],
-          "roots": [
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-            26
-          ]
-        },
-        "from_logical": "L72",
-        "id": "P72",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
-          "edges": [
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
             {
-              "consumer": 1,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287232,18 +375300,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 2,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287287,36 +375364,35 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -287327,33 +375403,61 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 2,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 4,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287366,12 +375470,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
@@ -287383,18 +375484,22 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 3
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287438,18 +375543,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 6,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287493,18 +375606,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 5,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 7,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287517,9 +375640,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -287548,18 +375674,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 8,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287603,18 +375751,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287658,18 +375814,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 8,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 10,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287682,9 +375848,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -287713,18 +375882,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 11,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287768,18 +375959,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287823,18 +376022,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 11,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 13,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287847,9 +376056,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -287878,18 +376090,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 13,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 12,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287933,18 +376167,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 15,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -287988,18 +376230,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 14,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288012,9 +376264,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -288043,18 +376298,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 16,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288098,18 +376375,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288153,18 +376438,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 17,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 19,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288177,9 +376472,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -288208,18 +376506,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 18,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288263,18 +376583,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288318,18 +376646,28 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 21,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 20,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288342,9 +376680,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -288373,18 +376714,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 22,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288431,18 +376794,29 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      7,
+                      10,
+                      13,
+                      16,
+                      19,
+                      22
+                    ]
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -288455,12 +376829,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -288489,39 +376860,116 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 23
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 24,
+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -288537,25 +376985,59 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 25
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            4,
+            26
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L75",
+        "id": "P75-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
+          "edges": [
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 1,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -288571,12 +377053,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -288605,15 +377084,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 2,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -288629,12 +377108,9 @@
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@@ -288663,15 +377139,15 @@
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@@ -288687,12 +377163,9 @@
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@@ -288721,12 +377194,12 @@
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@@ -288737,10 +377210,10 @@
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@@ -288753,38 +377226,21 @@
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@@ -288834,12 +377290,12 @@
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@@ -288885,7 +377341,7 @@
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@@ -289248,22 +377704,6 @@
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@@ -289274,311 +377714,88 @@
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-                          "nullable": true,
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                     "family": {
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                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
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+                        "Column": {
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                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
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@@ -289594,45 +377811,6 @@
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@@ -289641,133 +377819,54 @@
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@@ -289811,26 +377910,18 @@
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@@ -289874,107 +377965,18 @@
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@@ -290018,44 +378020,20 @@
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@@ -290064,54 +378042,6 @@
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@@ -290122,66 +378052,27 @@
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-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 16,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 3,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 5,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -290225,44 +378116,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 40000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 6,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -290273,41 +378140,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 18,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
+              "producer": 5,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
+          "nodes": [
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
+              "id": 0,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -290321,12 +378189,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -290356,38 +378221,69 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 19,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
                       ]
                     },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
+              "id": 1,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -290434,15 +378330,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -290450,7 +378347,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
+              "id": 2,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -290497,33 +378394,39 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 21,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                  "Aggregate": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
+                      {
+                        "kind": "rate"
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "output_names": [
+                      ""
+                    ],
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 3,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
@@ -290536,40 +378439,23 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 22,
+                    "child": 2,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -290587,102 +378473,21 @@
                         "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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-                    "dtype": {
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
                       ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
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-                "unique_keys": [
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-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryMerge": {
-                    "children": [
-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
-                    ]
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
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-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
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-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -290693,17 +378498,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -290715,14 +378519,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 24
+                    "child": 3
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -290738,13 +378542,13 @@
                     "dtype": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -290770,17 +378574,17 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 25,
+                    "child": 1,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
                           "category": "TopK",
                           "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
                               "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
+                              "width": 30000
                             }
                           }
                         },
@@ -290814,7 +378618,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
+              "id": 6,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -290863,7 +378667,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 26
+                    "summary_input": 5
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -290871,12 +378675,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             4,
-            27
+            6
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L72",
-        "id": "P72-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L77",
+        "id": "P77",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 whole-expression CountSketch+heap · shared input"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -290993,6 +378797,64 @@
             },
             {
               "consumer": 3,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 2,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -291042,12 +378904,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -291083,12 +378945,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
+              "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 5,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -291143,7 +379005,7 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 6,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -291193,20 +379055,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -291217,34 +379095,22 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             }
@@ -291438,9 +379304,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -291470,23 +379339,30 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
                     "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
+                    },
                     "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
@@ -291495,6 +379371,65 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 2
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -291532,7 +379467,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 2,
+                    "child": 3,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -291561,7 +379496,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -291596,14 +379531,156 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 3
+                    "child": 4
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 6,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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@@ -291654,122 +379731,56 @@
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@@ -291785,56 +379796,22 @@
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@@ -291884,14 +379861,14 @@
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@@ -291908,9 +379885,12 @@
                   },
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+                        "Rate"
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@@ -291939,12 +379919,12 @@
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@@ -291994,12 +379974,12 @@
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@@ -292035,12 +380015,12 @@
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@@ -292095,7 +380075,7 @@
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@@ -292148,12 +380128,12 @@
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@@ -292203,20 +380183,36 @@
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@@ -292227,34 +380223,22 @@
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@@ -292416,25 +380400,105 @@
                 ]
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@@ -292484,27 +380548,16 @@
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@@ -292542,7 +380595,7 @@
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@@ -292571,7 +380624,7 @@
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@@ -292606,14 +380659,14 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -292693,7 +380746,7 @@
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@@ -292745,17 +380798,33 @@
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@@ -292766,118 +380835,89 @@
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@@ -292886,27 +380926,27 @@
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+        "from_logical": "L79",
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       },
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@@ -293024,7 +381064,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
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@@ -293041,9 +381081,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
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@@ -293079,13 +381122,29 @@
             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -293096,19 +381155,17 @@
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                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -293120,29 +381177,13 @@
             {
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               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -293153,22 +381194,24 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -293223,7 +381266,7 @@
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@@ -293333,7 +381376,7 @@
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@@ -293388,7 +381431,7 @@
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@@ -293498,7 +381541,7 @@
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@@ -293553,7 +381596,7 @@
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@@ -293663,7 +381706,7 @@
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@@ -293718,7 +381761,7 @@
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@@ -293828,7 +381871,7 @@
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@@ -293883,7 +381926,7 @@
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@@ -293993,7 +382036,7 @@
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@@ -294048,7 +382091,7 @@
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@@ -294109,6 +382152,61 @@
             },
             {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": true,
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+                    0
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
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@@ -294161,12 +382259,12 @@
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@@ -294219,12 +382317,12 @@
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@@ -294277,12 +382375,12 @@
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@@ -294335,12 +382433,12 @@
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@@ -294393,12 +382491,12 @@
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@@ -294451,12 +382549,12 @@
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@@ -294509,12 +382607,12 @@
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@@ -294564,20 +382662,36 @@
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -294588,34 +382702,22 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -294674,56 +382776,120 @@
               },
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "name": "job",
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-                      }
+                  "Scan": {
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+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
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+                          "table": null
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                    "table": null
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+                  {
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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@@ -294731,7 +382897,7 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -294745,9 +382911,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -294777,25 +382946,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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                   }
                 }
               }
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -294845,27 +383027,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                      }
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-                    "output_names": [
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-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                "ASAP": {
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@@ -294903,7 +383074,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "child": 2,
+                    "child": 3,
                     "family": {
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                         "Sum",
@@ -294932,7 +383103,7 @@
             },
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@@ -294967,14 +383138,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 4
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@@ -295037,7 +383208,7 @@
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@@ -295089,7 +383260,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295101,7 +383272,7 @@
             },
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@@ -295156,7 +383327,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 7,
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@@ -295181,7 +383352,7 @@
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@@ -295244,7 +383415,7 @@
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@@ -295296,7 +383467,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295308,7 +383479,7 @@
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@@ -295363,7 +383534,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295388,7 +383559,7 @@
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@@ -295451,7 +383622,7 @@
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@@ -295503,7 +383674,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295515,7 +383686,7 @@
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@@ -295570,7 +383741,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295595,7 +383766,7 @@
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@@ -295658,7 +383829,7 @@
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@@ -295710,7 +383881,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295722,7 +383893,7 @@
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@@ -295777,7 +383948,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295802,7 +383973,7 @@
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@@ -295865,7 +384036,7 @@
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@@ -295917,7 +384088,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -295929,7 +384100,7 @@
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@@ -295984,7 +384155,7 @@
               "payload": {
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@@ -296009,7 +384180,7 @@
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@@ -296072,7 +384243,7 @@
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@@ -296124,7 +384295,7 @@
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                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 20,
+                    "child": 21,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -296136,7 +384307,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -296191,7 +384362,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -296216,7 +384387,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -296272,12 +384443,12 @@
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryMerge": {
                     "children": [
-                      7,
-                      10,
-                      13,
-                      16,
-                      19,
-                      22
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
                     ]
                   }
                 }
@@ -296285,7 +384456,66 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
+              "id": 25,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 24
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -296335,111 +384565,47 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 23
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Sort": {
+                    "child": 25,
+                    "keys": [
+                      {
+                        "ascending": false,
+                        "expr": {
+                          "Column": 1
+                        },
+                        "nulls_first": false
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 24,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -296455,21 +384621,13 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0,
-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -296478,27 +384636,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 25
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Limit": {
+                    "child": 26,
+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             }
           ],
           "roots": [
-            4,
-            26
+            5,
+            27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L75",
-        "id": "P75",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L80",
+        "id": "P80",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -296616,7 +384774,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -296633,9 +384791,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -296671,13 +384832,29 @@
             {
               "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -296688,19 +384865,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -296710,31 +384885,15 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 6,
+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -296745,24 +384904,26 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 7,
@@ -296925,7 +385086,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 8,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -296980,7 +385141,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 9,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297090,7 +385251,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 11,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297145,7 +385306,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297255,7 +385416,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 14,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297310,7 +385471,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297420,7 +385581,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 17,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297475,7 +385636,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297585,7 +385746,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 20,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297640,7 +385801,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 21,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
@@ -297702,7 +385863,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -297719,12 +385880,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -297753,12 +385911,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 23,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
@@ -297811,12 +385969,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
@@ -297869,12 +386027,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
+              "producer": 12,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
@@ -297927,12 +386085,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 15,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
@@ -297985,12 +386143,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 20,
+              "producer": 18,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
@@ -298043,7 +386201,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 23,
+              "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
@@ -298051,7 +386209,7 @@
               "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -298108,7 +386266,7 @@
             {
               "consumer": 26,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -298125,9 +386283,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -298163,13 +386324,29 @@
             {
               "consumer": 27,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -298180,29 +386357,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -298210,6 +386375,61 @@
               "producer": 26,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 28,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 27,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             }
           ],
           "nodes": [
@@ -298401,9 +386621,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -298433,23 +386656,30 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
                     "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
                       }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
+                    },
                     "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
@@ -298458,6 +386688,65 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 2
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 4,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298495,7 +386784,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 2,
+                    "child": 3,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -298524,7 +386813,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 5,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298559,14 +386848,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 3
+                    "child": 4
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 6,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298674,7 +386963,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 7,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298726,7 +387015,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 0
@@ -298737,7 +387026,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 8,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298789,7 +387078,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 7,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -298801,7 +387090,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 9,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298856,7 +387145,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
+                    "child": 8,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -298881,7 +387170,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 10,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298933,7 +387222,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 10000
@@ -298944,7 +387233,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 10,
+              "id": 11,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -298996,7 +387285,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 9,
+                    "child": 10,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -299008,7 +387297,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 11,
+              "id": 12,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299063,7 +387352,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 10,
+                    "child": 11,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -299088,7 +387377,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 12,
+              "id": 13,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299140,7 +387429,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 20000
@@ -299151,7 +387440,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 13,
+              "id": 14,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299203,7 +387492,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 12,
+                    "child": 13,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -299215,7 +387504,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 14,
+              "id": 15,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299270,7 +387559,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 13,
+                    "child": 14,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -299295,7 +387584,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299347,7 +387636,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 30000
@@ -299358,7 +387647,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 16,
+              "id": 17,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299410,7 +387699,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 15,
+                    "child": 16,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -299422,7 +387711,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299477,7 +387766,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 16,
+                    "child": 17,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -299502,7 +387791,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299554,7 +387843,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
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                       "offset_ms": 40000
@@ -299565,7 +387854,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299617,7 +387906,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 18,
+                    "child": 19,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
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@@ -299629,7 +387918,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299684,7 +387973,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 19,
+                    "child": 20,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -299709,7 +387998,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
+              "id": 22,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299761,7 +388050,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 5,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
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                       "offset_ms": 50000
@@ -299772,7 +388061,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299824,7 +388113,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -299836,7 +388125,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299891,7 +388180,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 22,
+                    "child": 23,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -299916,7 +388205,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -299972,12 +388261,12 @@
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryMerge": {
                     "children": [
-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
+                      9,
+                      12,
+                      15,
+                      18,
+                      21,
+                      24
                     ]
                   }
                 }
@@ -299985,7 +388274,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -300037,17 +388326,33 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 24
+                    "child": 25
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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@@ -300058,118 +388363,89 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 25,
-                    "family": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Sort": {
+                    "child": 26,
+                    "keys": [
+                      {
+                        "ascending": false,
+                        "expr": {
+                          "Column": 1
                         },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": {
-                        "Column": {
-                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
-                        }
-                      },
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
+                        "nulls_first": false
                       }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
-                    }
+                    ],
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
+              "id": 28,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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-                    0,
-                    1
+                    3,
+                    0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -300178,27 +388454,27 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "summary_input": 26
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Limit": {
+                    "child": 27,
+                    "n": 10,
+                    "offset": 0,
+                    "partition_by": [
+                      2
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             }
           ],
           "roots": [
-            4,
-            27
+            5,
+            28
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L75",
-        "id": "P75-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "from_logical": "L80",
+        "id": "P80-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -300259,9 +388535,64 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
+              "consumer": 2,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -300278,9 +388609,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -300309,12 +388643,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
+              "producer": 2,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 3,
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -300364,12 +388698,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 4,
+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -300405,12 +388739,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
+              "producer": 4,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 5,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -300460,20 +388794,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
+              "producer": 0,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 6,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -300484,43 +388834,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 5,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+            },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 8,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -300564,71 +388904,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 7,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 9,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        }
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-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -300672,27 +388959,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -300736,102 +389014,36 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 9,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 11,
+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Aggregate": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
-                      {
-                        "kind": "rate"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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@@ -300842,130 +389054,51 @@
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@@ -300981,56 +389114,22 @@
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@@ -301080,12 +389179,12 @@
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@@ -301135,12 +389234,12 @@
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@@ -301190,20 +389289,36 @@
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@@ -301214,29 +389329,27 @@
                   },
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@@ -301286,20 +389399,36 @@
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@@ -301310,43 +389439,33 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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@@ -301390,71 +389509,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -301498,27 +389564,18 @@
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@@ -301562,102 +389619,36 @@
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@@ -301668,38 +389659,51 @@
                   },
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@@ -301710,155 +389714,87 @@
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
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@@ -301875,9 +389811,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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@@ -301906,14 +389845,14 @@
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -301930,9 +389869,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -301961,12 +389903,12 @@
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@@ -301986,8 +389928,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
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@@ -302019,14 +389961,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 2,
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -302043,9 +389985,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -302074,12 +390019,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 3,
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -302090,10 +390035,10 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
@@ -302106,23 +390051,40 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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             {
-              "consumer": 6,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -302139,9 +390101,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -302170,12 +390135,12 @@
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             {
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -302225,12 +390190,12 @@
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -302280,7 +390245,7 @@
                   ]
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               "role": "Input",
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@@ -302759,20 +390724,12 @@
               },
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-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -302830,20 +390787,13 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Sort": {
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                     "child": 6,
-                    "keys": [
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-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
-                        },
-                        "nulls_first": false
-                      }
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-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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                 }
               }
@@ -302851,6 +390801,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 8,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -302864,9 +390815,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -302896,43 +390850,39 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "Limit": {
+                "ASAP": {
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                     "child": 7,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
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                   }
                 }
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-            }
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-          "roots": [
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-            8
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-        "from_logical": "L78",
-        "id": "P78",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -302976,18 +390926,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -303031,18 +390989,28 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -303056,8 +391024,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -303089,18 +391057,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 10,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
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+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -303144,59 +391134,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
                   }
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-              },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 13,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -303240,18 +391197,28 @@
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+                }
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+              "id": 14,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -303298,125 +391265,39 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 13,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
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                   }
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-                    0
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-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+                }
+              }
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-          "nodes": [
             {
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-              "id": 0,
+              "id": 15,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -303467,56 +391348,11 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
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-                          "table": null
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-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
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-                          0
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-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -303524,7 +391360,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -303576,11 +391412,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 15,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -303588,7 +391424,8 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 17,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -303603,8 +391440,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -303643,11 +391480,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 16,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
@@ -303668,7 +391505,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -303718,86 +391555,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Sum"
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-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight": {
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-              }
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-              "id": 5,
-              "output_schema": {
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-                "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -303808,16 +391598,17 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
                   ]
                 ]
@@ -303827,16 +391618,22 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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                 "fields": [
@@ -303891,7 +391688,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 19,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -303916,7 +391713,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -303966,16 +391763,20 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 6
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -304026,27 +391827,21 @@
               },
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-                        "expr": {
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-                        },
-                        "nulls_first": false
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+                  "TimeRange": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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               "guarantee": null,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -304060,9 +391855,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -304092,43 +391890,39 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
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-                  "Limit": {
-                    "child": 8,
-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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                   }
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 24,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -304141,9 +391935,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -304172,18 +391969,29 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -304227,18 +392035,22 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -304251,12 +392063,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -304285,18 +392094,34 @@
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-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "keys": [
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+                        "expr": {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -304340,53 +392165,38 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "n": 10,
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-              },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            5,
+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L80",
+        "id": "P80-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+      },
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -304441,7 +392251,7 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -304491,14 +392301,14 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 6,
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             {
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+              "consumer": 3,
               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -304515,9 +392325,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -304546,12 +392359,12 @@
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             {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -304601,36 +392414,20 @@
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             {
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+              "consumer": 5,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -304641,27 +392438,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -304711,12 +392510,12 @@
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -304766,36 +392565,20 @@
                   ]
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             {
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+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -304806,33 +392589,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 0,
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -304876,18 +392669,71 @@
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-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "schema": {
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+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
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+                        {
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+                          },
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+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -304931,18 +392777,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 16,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -304955,9 +392810,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -304986,73 +392844,40 @@
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-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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-                  {
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-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+              "payload": {
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+                        "Rate"
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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                     },
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-                    "nullable": false,
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                   }
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -305096,36 +392921,24 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                  }
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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@@ -305136,51 +392949,63 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     0
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@@ -305191,33 +393016,36 @@
                   },
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -305261,36 +393089,36 @@
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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@@ -305301,84 +393129,155 @@
                   },
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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+                    "family": {
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap · shared input"
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@@ -305395,12 +393294,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum",
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@@ -305429,14 +393325,14 @@
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@@ -305453,12 +393349,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -305487,12 +393380,12 @@
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@@ -305512,8 +393405,8 @@
                   {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
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@@ -305545,14 +393438,14 @@
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@@ -305569,12 +393462,9 @@
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -305603,12 +393493,12 @@
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@@ -305619,10 +393509,10 @@
                 "fields": [
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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@@ -305635,40 +393525,23 @@
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@@ -305685,12 +393558,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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@@ -305719,12 +393589,12 @@
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@@ -305777,12 +393647,12 @@
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@@ -305832,36 +393702,20 @@
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@@ -305872,22 +393726,34 @@
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                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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@@ -306329,9 +394195,12 @@
                   },
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -306361,17 +394230,31 @@
                 ]
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-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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                   }
                 }
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@@ -306428,14 +394311,9 @@
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
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                   }
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@@ -306446,25 +394324,6 @@
               "output_schema": {
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@@ -306475,17 +394334,29 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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                 "unique_keys": [
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@@ -306499,23 +394370,42 @@
                   "SummaryAgg": {
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                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
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+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
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+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
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                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
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+                      ]
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@@ -306528,42 +394418,34 @@
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@@ -306572,21 +394454,39 @@
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                 }
               }
-            },
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+            9
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+        "id": "P82",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+      },
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -306630,27 +394530,18 @@
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@@ -306663,12 +394554,9 @@
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -306697,40 +394585,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
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-              "id": 12,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -306743,9 +394609,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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                     "table": null
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@@ -306774,26 +394643,18 @@
                   ]
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+              "role": "Input",
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-                  }
-                }
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-            },
-            {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -306837,27 +394698,59 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
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+                "fields": [
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+                    "table": null
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+                        "Sum"
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-                }
-              }
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -306870,12 +394763,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
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+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -306904,40 +394794,18 @@
                   ]
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -306981,26 +394849,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307044,27 +394904,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 7,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307077,12 +394928,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -307111,40 +394959,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "family": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 10,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307188,26 +395014,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307251,27 +395069,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 10,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307284,12 +395093,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -307318,40 +395124,18 @@
                   ]
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-                        "Sum"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307395,26 +395179,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307458,27 +395234,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
+              "producer": 13,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307491,12 +395258,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -307525,40 +395289,18 @@
                   ]
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307571,12 +395313,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -307605,29 +395344,18 @@
                   ]
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
-                    ]
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 15,
+              "role": "Input",
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307671,22 +395399,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307730,34 +395454,73 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
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-                        "expr": {
-                          "Column": 1
-                        },
-                        "nulls_first": false
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
                   }
-                }
-              }
+                ],
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -307801,38 +395564,67 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "n": 10,
-                    "offset": 0,
-                    "partition_by": [
-                      2
-                    ]
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
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+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
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                   }
-                }
-              }
-            }
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-            27
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-        "from_logical": "L80",
-        "id": "P80",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 exact (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
-      },
-      {
-        "dag": {
-          "edges": [
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
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+                    0
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+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -307882,12 +395674,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 2,
+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -307937,12 +395729,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
+              "producer": 22,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 3,
+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -307962,8 +395754,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -307995,14 +395787,14 @@
                   ]
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               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -308019,9 +395811,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -308050,12 +395845,12 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -308066,10 +395861,10 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
@@ -308082,24 +395877,41 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
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                 ],
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
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+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -308115,9 +395927,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -308146,15 +395961,15 @@
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-              "producer": 6,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 8,
+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -308170,9 +395985,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -308201,15 +396019,15 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 7,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -308225,9 +396043,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -308256,15 +396077,15 @@
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-              "producer": 8,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -308280,9 +396101,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -308311,15 +396135,15 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -308366,36 +396190,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 10,
+              "producer": 25,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 12,
+              "consumer": 27,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -308406,33 +396214,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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-              "producer": 11,
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               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
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             {
-              "consumer": 13,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308476,18 +396294,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 14,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
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+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308531,18 +396402,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 15,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 60
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308555,9 +396435,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -308586,18 +396469,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 1,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
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-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 3,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308641,36 +396546,91 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 17,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 2
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 4,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
-                  },
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 3,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": {
+                      "Reduce": [
+                        2
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 5,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -308681,33 +396641,36 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "sum",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 18,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
+                    "child": 4
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 6,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308751,18 +396714,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 19,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 7,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308806,18 +396777,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 20,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 8,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308830,9 +396810,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -308861,18 +396844,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 7,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 21,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308916,18 +396921,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 20,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 22,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 10,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308971,18 +396984,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 23,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 9,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 11,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -308995,9 +397017,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -309026,18 +397051,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 22,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 10,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309081,18 +397128,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 23,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309105,12 +397160,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -309139,18 +397191,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 9,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309197,18 +397258,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 12,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 13,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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+              "guarantee": null,
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309221,12 +397304,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -309255,18 +397335,26 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
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+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309279,12 +397367,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -309313,18 +397398,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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             {
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309371,18 +397465,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 21,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 25,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309395,12 +397511,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -309429,18 +397542,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
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+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 19,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309453,12 +397574,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -309487,18 +397605,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 25,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 27,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309511,9 +397638,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -309542,18 +397672,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 28,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 19,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -309597,15 +397749,25 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 27,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
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             {
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-              "id": 0,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -309656,56 +397818,12 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                          0
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-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -309713,7 +397831,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -309727,9 +397845,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -309759,25 +397880,38 @@
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
-                    }
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 22,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -309792,8 +397926,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -309831,33 +397965,22 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
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-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -309909,14 +398032,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                    "child": 24
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -309930,9 +398053,19 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -309954,22 +398087,37 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 3,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CmsWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 7,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 272
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
+                      },
                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
                     "reduction": {
@@ -309983,7 +398131,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -309995,11 +398143,19 @@
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
@@ -310007,7 +398163,8 @@
                 "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
-                    0
+                    0,
+                    1
                   ]
                 ]
               },
@@ -310017,16 +398174,38 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
+                    "query": {
+                      "TopK": {
+                        "k": 10
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "summary_input": 26
                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
+            }
+          ],
+          "roots": [
+            5,
+            27
+          ]
+        },
+        "from_logical": "L83",
+        "id": "P83",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+      },
+      {
+        "dag": {
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310070,71 +398249,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
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-                    "schema": {
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-                      "fields": [
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-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                        {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
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-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 0,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 2,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310178,26 +398304,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    "child": 6,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 0
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 1,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 3,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310210,9 +398328,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -310241,27 +398362,18 @@
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-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310274,12 +398386,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -310308,40 +398417,59 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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-                    "family": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "fields": [
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                         "Sum"
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                "unique_keys": [
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 10,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310385,26 +398513,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
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+            },
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                }
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-            },
-            {
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-              "id": 11,
-              "output_schema": {
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                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310448,27 +398568,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-                }
-              }
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-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310481,12 +398592,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -310515,40 +398623,18 @@
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310592,26 +398678,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 14,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310655,27 +398733,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310688,12 +398757,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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@@ -310722,40 +398788,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
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-                }
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310799,26 +398843,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310862,27 +398898,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -310895,12 +398922,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -310929,40 +398953,18 @@
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-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
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-              }
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 16,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311006,26 +399008,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
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-              "id": 20,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311069,27 +399063,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311102,12 +399087,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -311136,40 +399118,18 @@
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-                      }
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-                  }
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-              }
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             },
             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311213,26 +399173,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                }
-              }
-            },
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-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311276,27 +399228,18 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
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+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
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+              "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "payload": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
-              "output_schema": {
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311309,12 +399252,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -311343,40 +399283,18 @@
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
+              "consumer": 22,
+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311389,12 +399307,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -311423,29 +399338,18 @@
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-                      21,
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311489,22 +399393,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              "producer": 22,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311548,34 +399448,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_state": {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -311588,9 +399472,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -311619,41 +399506,15 @@
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-      },
-      {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -311669,9 +399530,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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@@ -311700,15 +399564,15 @@
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@@ -311724,9 +399588,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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@@ -311755,15 +399622,15 @@
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@@ -311780,8 +399647,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -311813,15 +399680,15 @@
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-                "timing": "query_time"
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@@ -311837,9 +399704,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -311868,15 +399738,15 @@
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@@ -311884,10 +399754,10 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
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                     "table": null
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                   {
@@ -311900,23 +399770,40 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
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                   }
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "data_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -311933,9 +399820,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -311964,12 +399854,12 @@
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@@ -312019,12 +399909,12 @@
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@@ -312070,7 +399960,7 @@
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@@ -312545,24 +400435,61 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-                    "filters": [],
-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
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+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
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+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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                       }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
-                      ""
-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -312573,6 +400500,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -312583,77 +400526,32 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
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+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
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-                        "kind": "non_negative",
-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 0
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -312665,6 +400563,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
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                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -312680,62 +400594,117 @@
                     "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  }
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+                "unique_keys": [
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+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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+              "payload": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "query": {
-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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                       }
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                   }
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap · shared input"
-      },
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             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 10,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -312779,18 +400748,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -312834,18 +400811,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -312859,8 +400845,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -312892,18 +400878,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
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             {
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-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 13,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -312947,20 +400955,44 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 3,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
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             },
             {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 14,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
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@@ -312971,35 +401003,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -313012,9 +401051,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -313043,18 +401085,40 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
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-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -313067,12 +401131,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -313101,18 +401162,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -313156,20 +401225,48 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 18,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -313180,42 +401277,54 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CmsWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CmsWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 7,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 17,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313262,60 +401371,15 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
-                  "Scan": {
-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
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-                      "time_index": 0,
-                      "unique_keys": [
-                        [
-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 40000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -313323,7 +401387,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313370,16 +401434,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 19,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
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@@ -313387,7 +401451,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313402,8 +401466,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -313437,16 +401501,16 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 20,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
@@ -313467,7 +401531,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 22,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313514,22 +401578,42 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 6,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -313540,52 +401624,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
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                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
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                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                      "weight": {
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-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
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@@ -313593,10 +401658,29 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -313607,35 +401691,54 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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                 }
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             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313689,33 +401792,22 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
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-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      9,
+                      12,
+                      15,
+                      18,
+                      21,
+                      24
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
@@ -313767,14 +401859,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
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+                    "child": 25
                   }
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               }
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             {
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-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313822,7 +401914,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
+                    "child": 26,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
@@ -313866,7 +401958,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 28,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -313915,7 +402007,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 8
+                    "summary_input": 27
                   }
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               }
@@ -313923,12 +402015,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             5,
-            9
+            28
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         },
-        "from_logical": "L82",
-        "id": "P82",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L83",
+        "id": "P83-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -316251,6 +404343,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 8,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -316458,6 +404551,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 11,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -316665,6 +404759,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 14,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -316872,6 +404967,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 17,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -317079,6 +405175,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 20,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -317286,6 +405383,7 @@
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 23,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -317646,8 +405744,8 @@
           ]
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         "from_logical": "L83",
-        "id": "P83",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+        "id": "P83-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CMS+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -317917,10 +406015,10 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 6,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -317967,15 +406065,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
-              "consumer": 8,
+              "consumer": 7,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -318022,36 +406120,20 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 9,
+              "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
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-                    "table": null
-                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -318062,33 +406144,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": 0,
+                "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            }
+          ],
+          "nodes": [
             {
-              "consumer": 10,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 0,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -318132,18 +406224,71 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 11,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
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+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -318187,18 +406332,27 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 10,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 12,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -318211,9 +406365,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
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-                    "name": "value",
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@@ -318242,18 +406399,40 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 3,
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -318297,36 +406476,24 @@
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -318337,51 +406504,63 @@
                   },
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-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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+                        "Sum"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -318392,33 +406571,36 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                  }
+                }
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@@ -318462,36 +406644,36 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
-            },
-            {
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-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "filters": [],
+                    "having": null,
+                    "measures": [
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+                        "kind": "sum"
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+                  }
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@@ -318502,51 +406684,88 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
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+                        2
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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@@ -318562,37 +406781,6 @@
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@@ -318601,41 +406789,51 @@
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-              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap · shared input"
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@@ -318682,15 +406880,15 @@
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@@ -318737,15 +406935,15 @@
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@@ -318761,9 +406959,12 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Rate"
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@@ -318792,15 +406993,15 @@
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@@ -318847,36 +407048,20 @@
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@@ -318887,30 +407072,32 @@
                   },
                   {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -318926,12 +407113,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -318960,15 +407144,15 @@
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@@ -319018,15 +407202,15 @@
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@@ -319042,12 +407226,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -319076,39 +407257,20 @@
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@@ -319119,33 +407281,43 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -319158,12 +407330,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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@@ -319192,18 +407361,71 @@
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                      "fields": [
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+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
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+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                      "unique_keys": [
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+                          3,
+                          0
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             {
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-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+              "id": 1,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -319216,12 +407438,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -319250,18 +407469,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 26,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 60
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -319275,8 +407503,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
                       ]
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@@ -319308,18 +407536,40 @@
                   ]
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-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 27,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                    "family": {
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+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
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+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -319363,85 +407613,24 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
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-            {
-              "consumer": 28,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
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-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 272
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-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
+              "payload": {
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-              "producer": 27,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+                }
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+            },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
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                     "dtype": {
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@@ -319452,77 +407641,52 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                 ],
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                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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               "output_state": {
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+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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+                "ASAP": {
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+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
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                       }
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+                        2
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@@ -319530,26 +407694,10 @@
             },
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               "output_schema": {
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@@ -319560,17 +407708,16 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -319580,21 +407727,16 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
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+                "ASAP": {
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -319609,8 +407751,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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@@ -319652,8 +407794,8 @@
                     "child": 1,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
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                     "filter": null,
@@ -319674,7 +407816,7 @@
             },
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               "guarantee": null,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -319726,14 +407868,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 6
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                 "fields": [
@@ -319747,9 +407889,19 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
+                          }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "name": "state",
@@ -319771,22 +407923,37 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 7,
                     "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
+                      "Sketch": [
+                        {
+                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
+                          "category": "TopK",
+                          "params": {
+                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
+                              "depth": 125,
+                              "heap_size": 100,
+                              "width": 30000
+                            }
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+                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
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                     "filter": null,
                     "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
                     "input": {
-                      "item": null,
+                      "item": {
+                        "Column": {
+                          "Named": "$promql_series_identity"
+                        }
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                       "weight": {
                         "Column": "SampleValue"
                       },
                       "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                        "kind": "non_negative",
+                        "proof": "counter_samples"
                       }
                     },
                     "reduction": {
@@ -319800,7 +407967,7 @@
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               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -319812,11 +407979,19 @@
                     "nullable": true,
                     "table": null
                   },
+                  {
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                   {
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-                    "name": "sum",
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@@ -319824,7 +407999,8 @@
                 "time_index": null,
                 "unique_keys": [
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+                    1
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@@ -319834,16 +408010,38 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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                   }
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+            9
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+        "from_logical": "L85",
+        "id": "P85",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+      },
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -319887,71 +408085,18 @@
                   ]
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -319995,26 +408140,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -320027,9 +408164,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -320058,27 +408198,18 @@
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-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
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-                      "secs": 10
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -320091,12 +408222,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
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+                      "Plain": "float64"
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                     "table": null
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@@ -320125,40 +408253,59 @@
                   ]
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               },
-              "output_state": {
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                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "payload": {
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-                    "family": {
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+                "fields": [
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                         "Sum"
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             {
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-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -320202,26 +408349,18 @@
                   ]
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             {
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-              "id": 11,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -320265,27 +408404,18 @@
                   ]
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+              "producer": 6,
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             {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 12,
-              "output_schema": {
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+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -320298,12 +408428,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -320332,40 +408459,18 @@
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@@ -320409,26 +408514,18 @@
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@@ -320472,27 +408569,18 @@
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@@ -320505,12 +408593,9 @@
                   },
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-                        "Sum"
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@@ -320539,40 +408624,18 @@
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@@ -320616,26 +408679,18 @@
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@@ -320679,27 +408734,18 @@
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@@ -320712,12 +408758,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -320746,40 +408789,18 @@
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@@ -320823,26 +408844,18 @@
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@@ -320886,27 +408899,18 @@
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@@ -320919,12 +408923,9 @@
                   },
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@@ -320953,40 +408954,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -321030,26 +409009,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -321093,27 +409064,18 @@
                   ]
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@@ -321126,12 +409088,9 @@
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@@ -321160,40 +409119,18 @@
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                   {
@@ -321206,12 +409143,9 @@
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@@ -321240,29 +409174,18 @@
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                 "fields": [
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@@ -321306,24 +409229,36 @@
                   ]
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@@ -321334,155 +409269,87 @@
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@@ -321499,9 +409366,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
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+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -321530,14 +409400,14 @@
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@@ -321554,9 +409424,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
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+                        "Sum"
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@@ -321585,12 +409458,12 @@
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@@ -321610,8 +409483,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
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@@ -321643,14 +409516,14 @@
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-              "producer": 2,
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               "window": "NotApplicable"
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             {
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+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -321667,9 +409540,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
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                     "table": null
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@@ -321698,12 +409574,12 @@
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@@ -321714,10 +409590,10 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
                     },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                   {
@@ -321730,23 +409606,40 @@
                     "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
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+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
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                     0
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             {
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+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
@@ -321763,9 +409656,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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@@ -321794,12 +409690,12 @@
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                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -321849,12 +409745,12 @@
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             {
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               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -321900,7 +409796,7 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 7,
+              "producer": 26,
               "role": "Input",
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@@ -322379,20 +410275,12 @@
               },
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-                    "having": null,
-                    "measures": [
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-                        "kind": "sum"
-                      }
-                    ],
-                    "output_names": [
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-                    ],
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "TimeShift": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 0
+                    }
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                 }
               }
@@ -322403,6 +410291,22 @@
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
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                   {
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@@ -322413,77 +410317,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
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                     "table": null
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+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
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-                    "family": {
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-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
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-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
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-                        "proof": "counter_samples"
-                      }
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-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
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@@ -322497,75 +410357,82 @@
                 "fields": [
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
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-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
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+                    3,
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               "output_state": {
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                 "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryEstimate": {
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-                      "TopK": {
-                        "k": 10
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
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+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      "weight_domain": {
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                   }
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-            }
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-        "from_logical": "L84",
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-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap · shared input"
-      },
-      {
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-          "edges": [
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             {
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-              "data_state": {
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-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 9,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322609,18 +410476,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 0,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 2,
-              "data_state": {
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
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+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 10000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
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                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322664,18 +410539,27 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
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+            },
+            {
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322689,8 +410573,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -322722,18 +410606,40 @@
                   ]
                 ]
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-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 10,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
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+                      "weight": {
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+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
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+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
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+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 12,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322777,20 +410683,44 @@
                   ]
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-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
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+                      "offset_ms": 20000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 13,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
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+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -322801,35 +410731,42 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
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                     0
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-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
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+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
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+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
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+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322842,9 +410779,12 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
                     },
-                    "name": "value",
+                    "name": "state",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -322873,18 +410813,40 @@
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-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 13,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
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+              "id": 15,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322897,12 +410859,9 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "float64"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "value",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   },
@@ -322931,18 +410890,26 @@
                   ]
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-              "producer": 6,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 8,
-              "data_state": {
+              "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 30000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 16,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
                   {
@@ -322986,20 +410953,48 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 7,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 9,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 15,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 17,
+              "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
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+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -323010,42 +411005,54 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Sketch": [
-                        {
-                          "algorithm": "CountSketchWithHeap",
-                          "category": "TopK",
-                          "params": {
-                            "CountSketchWithHeap": {
-                              "depth": 125,
-                              "heap_size": 100,
-                              "width": 30000
-                            }
-                          }
-                        },
-                        "PerSubpopulationInstance"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            }
-          ],
-          "nodes": [
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 16,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
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+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
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             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 0,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323096,56 +411103,11 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
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-                    "predicates": [],
-                    "schema": {
-                      "closed": true,
-                      "fields": [
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
-                          },
-                          "name": "ts",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "float64"
-                          },
-                          "name": "value",
-                          "nullable": false,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "job",
-                          "nullable": true,
-                          "table": null
-                        },
-                        {
-                          "dtype": {
-                            "Plain": "utf8"
-                          },
-                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                          "nullable": false,
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-                      "unique_keys": [
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-                          3,
-                          0
-                        ]
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "source": {
-                      "TimeSeries": {
-                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
-                      }
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 40000
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -323153,7 +411115,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 1,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323205,11 +411167,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 18,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 60
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -323217,7 +411179,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 2,
+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323232,8 +411194,8 @@
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "name": "state",
@@ -323272,11 +411234,11 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
+                    "child": 19,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
                       ]
                     },
                     "filter": null,
@@ -323297,7 +411259,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 3,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323347,19 +411309,39 @@
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 2
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 4,
+              "id": 22,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -323370,52 +411352,33 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "state",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 3,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": {
-                      "Reduce": [
-                        2
-                      ]
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
                     }
                   }
                 }
@@ -323423,10 +411386,29 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 5,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
                       "Plain": "utf8"
@@ -323437,35 +411419,54 @@
                   },
                   {
                     "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
                     },
-                    "name": "sum",
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
                     "nullable": false,
                     "table": null
                   }
                 ],
-                "time_index": null,
+                "time_index": 0,
                 "unique_keys": [
                   [
+                    3,
                     0
                   ]
                 ]
               },
               "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 4
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 22,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 6,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323519,33 +411520,22 @@
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 1,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  "SummaryMerge": {
+                    "children": [
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
+                    ]
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323597,14 +411587,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 6
+                    "child": 24
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323652,7 +411642,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
@@ -323696,7 +411686,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -323745,7 +411735,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 8
+                    "summary_input": 26
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -323753,12 +411743,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             5,
-            9
+            27
           ]
         },
-        "from_logical": "L85",
-        "id": "P85",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc) · shared input"
+        "from_logical": "L86",
+        "id": "P86",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -323869,221 +411859,70 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 1,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 3,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Rate",
-                        "Rate"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 2,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 4,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
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-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
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-              "role": "Input",
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-            },
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-              "consumer": 5,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": null,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 4,
-              "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
-            },
-            {
-              "consumer": 6,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 1,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
+              "consumer": 3,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Rate",
+                        "Rate"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 2,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 4,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -324133,15 +411972,111 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 6,
+              "producer": 3,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
+            {
+              "consumer": 5,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": null,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 4,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "NotApplicable"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 7,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 6,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
             {
               "consumer": 8,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324190,13 +412125,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 7,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 9,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324243,15 +412178,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 8,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 10,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324298,15 +412233,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 9,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 11,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324355,13 +412290,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 10,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 12,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324408,15 +412343,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 11,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 13,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324463,15 +412398,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 12,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 14,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324520,13 +412455,13 @@
               },
               "producer": 13,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 15,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324573,15 +412508,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 14,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 16,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324628,15 +412563,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 15,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 17,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324685,13 +412620,68 @@
               },
               "producer": 16,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
               "consumer": 18,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
+              "intermediate_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "producer": 17,
+              "role": "Input",
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
+            },
+            {
+              "consumer": 19,
+              "data_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324738,15 +412728,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 19,
+              "consumer": 20,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324793,15 +412783,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 18,
+              "producer": 19,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 20,
+              "consumer": 21,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324848,15 +412838,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 19,
+              "producer": 20,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 21,
+              "consumer": 22,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324903,15 +412893,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 0,
+              "producer": 6,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 22,
+              "consumer": 23,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -324958,15 +412948,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 21,
+              "producer": 22,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 23,
+              "consumer": 24,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325013,15 +413003,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 22,
+              "producer": 23,
               "role": "Input",
-              "window": "NotApplicable"
+              "window": "RequiresAlignedPanePhaseOrExactBoundaryResidual"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325071,15 +413061,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 8,
+              "producer": 9,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325129,15 +413119,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 11,
+              "producer": 12,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325187,15 +413177,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 14,
+              "producer": 15,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325245,15 +413235,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 17,
+              "producer": 18,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325303,15 +413293,15 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 20,
+              "producer": 21,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 24,
+              "consumer": 25,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "grouping": "NotApplicable",
               "intermediate_schema": {
@@ -325361,12 +413351,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 23,
+              "producer": 24,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 25,
+              "consumer": 26,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -325419,12 +413409,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 24,
+              "producer": 25,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 26,
+              "consumer": 27,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -325474,12 +413464,12 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 25,
+              "producer": 26,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 27,
+              "consumer": 28,
               "data_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -325525,7 +413515,7 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "producer": 26,
+              "producer": 27,
               "role": "Input",
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             }
@@ -326000,12 +413990,120 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "Scan": {
+                    "predicates": [],
+                    "schema": {
+                      "closed": true,
+                      "fields": [
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "timestamp"
+                          },
+                          "name": "ts",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "float64"
+                          },
+                          "name": "value",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "job",
+                          "nullable": true,
+                          "table": null
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "dtype": {
+                            "Plain": "utf8"
+                          },
+                          "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                          "nullable": false,
+                          "table": null
+                        }
+                      ],
+                      "time_index": 0,
+                      "unique_keys": [
+                        [
+                          3,
+                          0
+                        ]
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "source": {
+                      "TimeSeries": {
+                        "metric": "http_requests_total"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 7,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 0
@@ -326016,7 +414114,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 7,
+              "id": 8,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326063,12 +414161,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 7,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -326080,7 +414178,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 8,
+              "id": 9,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326130,12 +414228,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 7,
+                    "child": 8,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -326160,7 +414258,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 9,
+              "id": 10,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326207,12 +414305,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 10000
@@ -326223,7 +414321,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 10,
+              "id": 11,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326270,12 +414368,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 9,
+                    "child": 10,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -326287,7 +414385,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 11,
+              "id": 12,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326337,12 +414435,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 10,
+                    "child": 11,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -326367,7 +414465,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 12,
+              "id": 13,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326414,12 +414512,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 20000
@@ -326430,7 +414528,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 13,
+              "id": 14,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326477,12 +414575,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 12,
+                    "child": 13,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -326494,7 +414592,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 14,
+              "id": 15,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326544,12 +414642,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 13,
+                    "child": 14,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -326574,7 +414672,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 15,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326621,12 +414719,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 30000
@@ -326637,7 +414735,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 16,
+              "id": 17,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326684,12 +414782,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 15,
+                    "child": 16,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -326701,7 +414799,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326751,12 +414849,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 16,
+                    "child": 17,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -326781,7 +414879,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326828,12 +414926,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 40000
@@ -326844,7 +414942,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
+              "id": 20,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326891,12 +414989,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 18,
+                    "child": 19,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -326908,7 +415006,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
+              "id": 21,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -326958,12 +415056,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 19,
+                    "child": 20,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -326988,7 +415086,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 21,
+              "id": 22,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327035,12 +415133,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 0,
+                    "child": 6,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 50000
@@ -327051,7 +415149,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
+              "id": 23,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327098,12 +415196,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 21,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -327115,7 +415213,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
+              "id": 24,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327165,12 +415263,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "query_time"
+                "timing": "ingestion_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 22,
+                    "child": 23,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -327195,7 +415293,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 24,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327251,12 +415349,12 @@
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryMerge": {
                     "children": [
-                      8,
-                      11,
-                      14,
-                      17,
-                      20,
-                      23
+                      9,
+                      12,
+                      15,
+                      18,
+                      21,
+                      24
                     ]
                   }
                 }
@@ -327264,7 +415362,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327316,14 +415414,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 24
+                    "child": 25
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327371,7 +415469,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 25,
+                    "child": 26,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
@@ -327415,7 +415513,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
+              "id": 28,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -327464,7 +415562,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 26
+                    "summary_input": 27
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -327472,12 +415570,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             5,
-            27
+            28
           ]
         },
         "from_logical": "L86",
-        "id": "P86",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input"
+        "id": "P86-m1",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -327747,65 +415845,10 @@
               "window": "NotApplicable"
             },
             {
-              "consumer": 7,
-              "data_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "grouping": "NotApplicable",
-              "intermediate_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
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@@ -328127,15 +416170,15 @@
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@@ -328292,15 +416335,15 @@
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@@ -328347,15 +416390,15 @@
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@@ -328402,15 +416445,15 @@
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@@ -328457,15 +416500,15 @@
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@@ -328512,15 +416555,15 @@
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@@ -328567,15 +416610,15 @@
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@@ -328622,15 +416665,15 @@
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@@ -328677,15 +416720,15 @@
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@@ -328732,15 +416775,70 @@
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@@ -328790,15 +416888,15 @@
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@@ -328848,15 +416946,15 @@
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@@ -328906,15 +417004,15 @@
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@@ -328964,15 +417062,15 @@
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@@ -329022,15 +417120,15 @@
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@@ -329080,12 +417178,12 @@
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@@ -329138,12 +417236,12 @@
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@@ -329193,12 +417291,12 @@
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@@ -329244,7 +417342,7 @@
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@@ -329719,120 +417817,12 @@
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-                      "fields": [
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-                            "Plain": "timestamp"
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-              "output_state": {
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
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                       "offset_ms": 0
@@ -329843,7 +417833,7 @@
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                 "fields": [
@@ -329890,12 +417880,12 @@
               },
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
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@@ -329907,7 +417897,8 @@
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             {
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-              "id": 9,
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                 "fields": [
@@ -329957,12 +417948,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
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+                    "child": 7,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -329987,7 +417978,7 @@
             },
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                 "fields": [
@@ -330034,12 +418025,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
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                     "shift": {
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                       "offset_ms": 10000
@@ -330050,7 +418041,7 @@
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@@ -330097,12 +418088,12 @@
               },
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                 "primitive": "Raw",
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               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
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@@ -330114,7 +418105,8 @@
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@@ -330164,12 +418156,12 @@
               },
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-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
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               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 10,
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@@ -330194,7 +418186,7 @@
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@@ -330241,12 +418233,12 @@
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               "output_state": {
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                       "offset_ms": 20000
@@ -330257,7 +418249,7 @@
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@@ -330304,12 +418296,12 @@
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               "output_state": {
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+                "timing": "query_time"
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                 "NonASAP": {
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@@ -330321,7 +418313,8 @@
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@@ -330371,12 +418364,12 @@
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                 "ASAP": {
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+                    "child": 13,
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                         "Sum",
@@ -330401,7 +418394,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 16,
+              "id": 15,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -330448,12 +418441,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 0,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 30000
@@ -330464,7 +418457,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 17,
+              "id": 16,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -330511,12 +418504,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 16,
+                    "child": 15,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -330528,7 +418521,8 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 18,
+              "id": 17,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -330578,12 +418572,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 17,
+                    "child": 16,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -330608,7 +418602,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 19,
+              "id": 18,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -330655,12 +418649,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 6,
+                    "child": 0,
                     "shift": {
                       "at": null,
                       "offset_ms": 40000
@@ -330671,7 +418665,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 20,
+              "id": 19,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -330718,12 +418712,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "NonASAP": {
                   "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 19,
+                    "child": 18,
                     "kind": "range",
                     "range": {
                       "nanos": 0,
@@ -330733,9 +418727,218 @@
                 }
               }
             },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 20,
+              "kept": true,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "name": "state",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "SummaryState",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "ASAP": {
+                  "SummaryAgg": {
+                    "child": 19,
+                    "family": {
+                      "ExactAggregate": [
+                        "Sum",
+                        "Sum"
+                      ]
+                    },
+                    "filter": null,
+                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
+                    "input": {
+                      "item": null,
+                      "weight": {
+                        "Column": "SampleValue"
+                      },
+                      "weight_domain": {
+                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 21,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeShift": {
+                    "child": 0,
+                    "shift": {
+                      "at": null,
+                      "offset_ms": 50000
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 22,
+              "output_schema": {
+                "closed": true,
+                "fields": [
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "timestamp"
+                    },
+                    "name": "ts",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "float64"
+                    },
+                    "name": "value",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "job",
+                    "nullable": true,
+                    "table": null
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "dtype": {
+                      "Plain": "utf8"
+                    },
+                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
+                    "nullable": false,
+                    "table": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "time_index": 0,
+                "unique_keys": [
+                  [
+                    3,
+                    0
+                  ]
+                ]
+              },
+              "output_state": {
+                "primitive": "Raw",
+                "timing": "query_time"
+              },
+              "payload": {
+                "NonASAP": {
+                  "TimeRange": {
+                    "child": 21,
+                    "kind": "range",
+                    "range": {
+                      "nanos": 0,
+                      "secs": 10
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "guarantee": null,
+              "id": 23,
+              "kept": true,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -330785,12 +418988,12 @@
               },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
+                "timing": "query_time"
               },
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 20,
+                    "child": 22,
                     "family": {
                       "ExactAggregate": [
                         "Sum",
@@ -330813,133 +419016,6 @@
                 }
               }
             },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 22,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeShift": {
-                    "child": 6,
-                    "shift": {
-                      "at": null,
-                      "offset_ms": 50000
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 23,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "float64"
-                    },
-                    "name": "value",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "Raw",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "NonASAP": {
-                  "TimeRange": {
-                    "child": 22,
-                    "kind": "range",
-                    "range": {
-                      "nanos": 0,
-                      "secs": 10
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
               "id": 24,
@@ -330990,86 +419066,6 @@
                   ]
                 ]
               },
-              "output_state": {
-                "primitive": "SummaryState",
-                "timing": "ingestion_time"
-              },
-              "payload": {
-                "ASAP": {
-                  "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 23,
-                    "family": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "filter": null,
-                    "grouping": "PerSubpopulationInstance",
-                    "input": {
-                      "item": null,
-                      "weight": {
-                        "Column": "SampleValue"
-                      },
-                      "weight_domain": {
-                        "kind": "unknown_or_signed"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "reduction": "PerEntity"
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            },
-            {
-              "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 25,
-              "output_schema": {
-                "closed": true,
-                "fields": [
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "timestamp"
-                    },
-                    "name": "ts",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "ExactAggregate": [
-                        "Sum",
-                        "Sum"
-                      ]
-                    },
-                    "name": "state",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "job",
-                    "nullable": true,
-                    "table": null
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "dtype": {
-                      "Plain": "utf8"
-                    },
-                    "name": "$promql_series_identity",
-                    "nullable": false,
-                    "table": null
-                  }
-                ],
-                "time_index": 0,
-                "unique_keys": [
-                  [
-                    3,
-                    0
-                  ]
-                ]
-              },
               "output_state": {
                 "primitive": "SummaryState",
                 "timing": "query_time"
@@ -331078,12 +419074,12 @@
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryMerge": {
                     "children": [
-                      9,
-                      12,
-                      15,
-                      18,
-                      21,
-                      24
+                      8,
+                      11,
+                      14,
+                      17,
+                      20,
+                      23
                     ]
                   }
                 }
@@ -331091,7 +419087,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 26,
+              "id": 25,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -331143,14 +419139,14 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "FinalizeExactAccumulator": {
-                    "child": 25
+                    "child": 24
                   }
                 }
               }
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 27,
+              "id": 26,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -331198,7 +419194,7 @@
               "payload": {
                 "ASAP": {
                   "SummaryAgg": {
-                    "child": 26,
+                    "child": 25,
                     "family": {
                       "Sketch": [
                         {
@@ -331242,7 +419238,7 @@
             },
             {
               "guarantee": null,
-              "id": 28,
+              "id": 27,
               "output_schema": {
                 "closed": true,
                 "fields": [
@@ -331291,7 +419287,7 @@
                         "k": 10
                       }
                     },
-                    "summary_input": 27
+                    "summary_input": 26
                   }
                 }
               }
@@ -331299,12 +419295,12 @@
           ],
           "roots": [
             5,
-            28
+            27
           ]
         },
         "from_logical": "L86",
-        "id": "P86-m1",
-        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · ingestion time: exact Sum ×6 panes"
+        "id": "P86-m2",
+        "label": "Q1 exact (Sum acc, Rate acc) · Q2 CountSketch+heap (Sum acc · tumbling 10s panes) · shared input · query time, kept: exact Sum ×6 panes"
       },
       {
         "dag": {
@@ -338746,6 +426742,16 @@
       }
     },
     "rejected": [
+      {
+        "id": "P3-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P6-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P7",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338766,11 +426772,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P9-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P11",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P14-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P17-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P18",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338791,11 +426812,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P20-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P22",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P25-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P28-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P29",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338816,11 +426852,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P31-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P33",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P36-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P39-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P40",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338841,11 +426892,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P42-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P44",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P47-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P50-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P51",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338866,11 +426932,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P53-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P55",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P58-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P61-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P62",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338891,11 +426972,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P64-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P66",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P69-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P72-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P73",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338916,11 +427012,26 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P75-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P77",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P80-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "P83-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P84",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 161.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
@@ -338941,6 +427052,11 @@
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 133.0 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
         "valid": false
       },
+      {
+        "id": "P86-m2",
+        "reason": "deployment cannot keep query-time state across evaluations (query time, kept)",
+        "valid": false
+      },
       {
         "id": "P88",
         "reason": "q2: query-time work takes 531.2 ms per evaluation, over the 100 ms latency bound",
diff --git a/tools/dag-viewer/stages.js b/tools/dag-viewer/stages.js
index f030bbba4..653f866c2 100644
--- a/tools/dag-viewer/stages.js
+++ b/tools/dag-viewer/stages.js
@@ -336,10 +336,11 @@ function wirePartition(keys, schema) {
   return `${keys.without ? 'per group without' : 'per'} ${keys.keys.map((key) => wireColumn(key, schema)).join(', ')}`;
 }
 
-function formatTiming(timing) {
+// `kept`: a query-time output kept across evaluations (Stage 2's B3 panes).
+function formatTiming(timing, kept) {
   const normalized = String(timing || '').replace(/_/g, '').toLowerCase();
   if (normalized === 'ingestiontime') return 'ingestion time';
-  if (normalized === 'querytime') return 'query time';
+  if (normalized === 'querytime') return kept ? 'query time, kept' : 'query time';
   return String(timing || 'unknown');
 }
 
@@ -431,7 +432,7 @@ function stageLaneElements(laneId, laneLabel, dag, options) {
     const lines = stageNodeLines(node, input && input.output_schema);
     const timing = physical && node.output_state ? node.output_state.timing : undefined;
     const cost = costPerNode ? costPerNode[String(node.id)] : undefined;
-    if (timing !== undefined) lines.push(`⏱ ${formatTiming(timing)}`);
+    if (timing !== undefined) lines.push(`⏱ ${formatTiming(timing, node.kept)}`);
     if (cost && typeof cost.cost === 'number') lines.push(`cost ${Number(cost.cost.toFixed(3))}`);
     if (rootFor.has(node.id)) lines.push(`root of ${rootFor.get(node.id).join(', ')}`);
     elements.push({
diff --git a/tools/dag-viewer/test_viewer.py b/tools/dag-viewer/test_viewer.py
index cd91ff51b..73c8d92b5 100644
--- a/tools/dag-viewer/test_viewer.py
+++ b/tools/dag-viewer/test_viewer.py
@@ -217,6 +217,18 @@ def test_physical_lane_without_stage3_has_no_cost(self):
             if "source" not in node["data"]:
                 self.assertNotIn("cost", node["data"]["label"])
 
+    def test_kept_nodes_say_so_in_their_timing(self):
+        """A query-time node kept across evaluations (B3) reads "query time, kept"; no other node does."""
+        dag = json.loads(json.dumps(self.doc["stage2_physical_asap"]["candidates"][0]["dag"]))
+        kept = dag["nodes"][0]
+        self.assertEqual(kept["output_state"]["timing"], "query_time")
+        kept["kept"] = True
+        lane = self.js.call("stageLaneElements", "stage2", "Physical", dag, {"physical": True})
+        labels = {n["data"]["stageNode"]["id"]: n["data"]["label"]
+                  for n in lane[1:] if "source" not in n["data"]}
+        self.assertIn("⏱ query time, kept", labels[kept["id"]].split("\n"))
+        self.assertFalse(any("kept" in label for id, label in labels.items() if id != kept["id"]))
+
     def test_summary_nodes_print_their_configuration(self):
         """A summary node names its family's parameters and whether it keeps one state per group or one shared state."""
         per_group = {