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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.20">
<meta name="author" content="Easier PGXN development">
<title>PGXNtool</title>
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>PGXNtool</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Easier PGXN development</span><br>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_install">1. Install</a></li>
<li><a href="#_development">2. Development</a></li>
<li><a href="#_usage">3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_make_targets">4. make targets</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_html">4.1. html</a></li>
<li><a href="#_check_duplicate_docs">4.2. check-duplicate-docs</a></li>
<li><a href="#_test">4.3. test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_test_build">4.4. test-build</a></li>
<li><a href="#_testinstall">4.5. test/install</a></li>
<li><a href="#_testdeps">4.6. testdeps</a></li>
<li><a href="#_results">4.7. results</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tag">4.8. tag</a></li>
<li><a href="#_tree_is_clean">4.9. tree-is-clean</a></li>
<li><a href="#_post_tag_version_bump">4.10. post-tag-version-bump</a></li>
<li><a href="#_dist">4.11. dist</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_sync">4.12. pgxntool-sync</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_version">4.13. pgxntool-version</a></li>
<li><a href="#_list">4.14. list</a></li>
<li><a href="#_print">4.15. print-%</a></li>
<li><a href="#_distclean">4.16. distclean</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgtle">4.17. pgtle</a></li>
<li><a href="#_check_pgtle">4.18. check-pgtle</a></li>
<li><a href="#_run_pgtle">4.19. run-pgtle</a></li>
<li><a href="#_print_pgtle">4.20. print-pgtle</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_version_specific_sql_files">5. Version-Specific SQL Files</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_pgxn_distributions_vs_extensions">5.1. PGXN Distributions vs. Extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_how_version_files_are_generated">5.2. How Version Files Are Generated</a></li>
<li><a href="#_what_controls_the_version_number">5.3. What Controls the Version Number</a></li>
<li><a href="#_committing_version_files">5.4. Committing Version Files</a></li>
<li><a href="#_alternative_ignoring_all_version_files">5.5. Alternative: Ignoring All Version Files</a></li>
<li><a href="#_distribution_inclusion">5.6. Distribution Inclusion</a></li>
<li><a href="#_multiple_versions">5.7. Multiple Versions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_gotchas">5.8. Gotchas</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_document_handling">6. Document Handling</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_document_variables">6.1. Document Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#_document_rules">6.2. Document Rules</a></li>
<li><a href="#_the_docs_variable">6.3. The DOCS variable</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_pg_tle_support">7. pg_tle Support</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_what_is_pg_tle">7.1. What is pg_tle?</a></li>
<li><a href="#_quick_start">7.2. Quick Start</a></li>
<li><a href="#_version_groupings">7.3. Version Groupings</a></li>
<li><a href="#_installation_example">7.4. Installation Example</a></li>
<li><a href="#_advanced_usage">7.5. Advanced Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_how_it_works">7.6. How It Works</a></li>
<li><a href="#_troubleshooting">7.7. Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_configuration_variables">8. Configuration Variables</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_pgxn_remote">8.1. PGXN_REMOTE</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_post_tag_version">8.2. PGXNTOOL_POST_TAG_VERSION</a></li>
<li><a href="#_asciidoc">8.3. ASCIIDOC</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_pgtle_version">8.4. PGXNTOOL_PGTLE_VERSION</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_pgtle_target_version">8.5. PGXNTOOL_PGTLE_TARGET_VERSION</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pg_config">8.6. PG_CONFIG</a></li>
<li><a href="#_testdir">8.7. TESTDIR</a></li>
<li><a href="#_testout">8.8. TESTOUT</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_verify_results_mode">8.9. PGXNTOOL_VERIFY_RESULTS_MODE</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_test_build">8.10. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_BUILD *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_test_install">8.11. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_INSTALL *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_test_install_error_stop_check">8.12. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_INSTALL_ERROR_STOP_CHECK *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_fs_install">8.13. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_FS_INSTALL *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_pgxn_install">8.14. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_PGXN_INSTALL *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_verify_results">8.15. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_VERIFY_RESULTS *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_enable_check_stale_expected">8.16. PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_CHECK_STALE_EXPECTED *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_check_expected_file_types">8.17. PGXNTOOL_CHECK_EXPECTED_FILE_TYPES *</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pgxntool_no_pgxs_include">8.18. PGXNTOOL_NO_PGXS_INCLUDE</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_general_postgresql_notes">9. General PostgreSQL Notes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_copyright">10. Copyright</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>PGXNtool is meant to make developing new Postgres extensions for <a href="http://pgxn.org">PGXN</a> easier.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Currently, it consists a base Makefile that you can include instead of writing your own, a template <code>META.in.json</code> (from which <code>META.json</code> is generated — you edit the former, never the latter directly), and some test framework. More features will be added over time.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you find any bugs or have ideas for improvements, please <a href="https://github.com/Postgres-Extensions/pgxntool/issues"><strong>open an issue</strong></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_install"><a class="anchor" href="#_install"></a><a class="link" href="#_install">1. Install</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This assumes that you’ve already initialized your extension in git.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
The <code>--squash</code> is important! Otherwise you’ll clutter your repo with a bunch of commits you probably don’t want.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>git subtree add -P pgxntool --squash git@github.com:Postgres-Extensions/pgxntool.git release
pgxntool/setup.sh</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>TODO: Create a nice script that will init a new project for you.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_development"><a class="anchor" href="#_development"></a><a class="link" href="#_development">2. Development</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you want to contribute to pgxntool development, work from the <a href="https://github.com/Postgres-Extensions/pgxntool-test">pgxntool-test</a> repository, not from this repository. That repository contains the test infrastructure and development tools needed to validate changes to pgxntool. This repository contains only the framework files that get embedded into extension projects via <code>git subtree</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Changes are normally paired across both repos: a <code>pgxntool</code> change should come with a matching branch (same name, on the same account) and PR in <code>pgxntool-test</code>, and CI enforces this pairing. See the <a href="https://github.com/Postgres-Extensions/pgxntool-test#ci-and-contributing">CI and Contributing</a> section in pgxntool-test for the full workflow.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_usage"><a class="anchor" href="#_usage"></a><a class="link" href="#_usage">3. Usage</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Typically, you can just create a simple Makefile that does nothing but include base.mk:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>include pgxntool/base.mk</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_make_targets"><a class="anchor" href="#_make_targets"></a><a class="link" href="#_make_targets">4. make targets</a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>These are the make targets that are provided by base.mk</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
all the targets normally provided by Postgres <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/extend-pgxs.html">PGXS</a> still work. If you need to skip PGXS being included entirely (for advanced/non-standard setups), set <code>PGXNTOOL_NO_PGXS_INCLUDE</code> in your Makefile before <code>include pgxntool/base.mk</code>.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_html"><a class="anchor" href="#_html"></a><a class="link" href="#_html">4.1. html</a></h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This will build any .html files that can be created. See <a href="#_document_handling">Document Handling</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_check_duplicate_docs"><a class="anchor" href="#_check_duplicate_docs"></a><a class="link" href="#_check_duplicate_docs">4.2. check-duplicate-docs</a></h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Warns if two <code>$(DOCS)</code> entries would install to the same filename, which would otherwise fail <code>make install</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>all</code> depends on this, so it also runs as part of a plain <code>make</code>, <code>make install</code> and <code>make test</code>; you only need to invoke it directly to check without building anything.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_test"><a class="anchor" href="#_test"></a><a class="link" href="#_test">4.3. test</a></h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Runs your extension’s test suite: filesystem-installs the extension (unless <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_FS_INSTALL=no</code>) and runs it through PGXS’s <code>installcheck</code>, first pulling in anything you’ve hooked into <a href="#_testdeps">testdeps</a> and, if enabled, sanity-checking your test SQL via <a href="#_test_build">test-build</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>make test</code> also fails on two safeguard checks:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The stale-expected-file check, run after <code>pg_regress</code> finishes: fails if <code>test/expected/</code> (or <code>test/build/expected/</code>) has a <code>.out</code> file with no matching <code>.sql</code>, or a file that isn’t <code>.out</code>. See <a href="#_pgxntool_enable_check_stale_expected">PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_CHECK_STALE_EXPECTED *</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>When <a href="#_testinstall">test/install</a> is in use, the <code>ON_ERROR_STOP</code> check: fails if any <code>test/install/*.sql</code> file neither includes <code>test/pgxntool/psql.sql</code> nor sets <code>ON_ERROR_STOP</code> itself. See <a href="#_pgxntool_enable_test_install_error_stop_check">PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_INSTALL_ERROR_STOP_CHECK *</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>make test</code> runs <code>pg_regress</code> in up to two separate passes:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>If <a href="#_test_build">test-build</a> is enabled, it runs first, in its own isolated pass over <code>test/build/*.sql</code>. If it fails, the second pass never happens — there’s no point checking install/query behavior against a build that doesn’t even come up cleanly.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The main pass follows: any <a href="#_testinstall">test/install</a> files, then your regular <code>test/sql/*.sql</code> files, together in a single <code>pg_regress</code> invocation (so state the install files create persists into the regular tests).</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Within each pass, files run in byte-value (ASCII) order of their filenames.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether <code>test-build</code> runs is controlled by the <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_BUILD</code> variable — see <a href="#_test_build">test-build</a> for what it does and how to turn it on/off.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<code>test</code> intentionally does <strong>not</strong> depend on <code>clean</code> — that caused problems with incremental/watch-based builds. If your tests need a clean build to pass, that’s a sign of a missing dependency elsewhere rather than something to fix by adding <code>clean</code> back.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<code>test</code> exits non-zero (after printing <code>regression.diffs</code>) if any test fails, so CI and other automation can rely on its exit code.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
While you can still run <code>make installcheck</code> or any other valid PGXS make target directly, it’s recommended to use <code>make test</code> when using pgxntool. The <code>test</code> target ensures proper test isolation and correct dependency installation.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether <code>test</code>/<code>installcheck</code>/<code>verify-results</code> filesystem-install the extension first is controlled by <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_FS_INSTALL</code>, and whether <code>installcheck</code> auto-installs the pgtap dependency via <code>pgxn install</code> is controlled by <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_PGXN_INSTALL</code> — see <a href="#_pgxntool_enable_fs_install">PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_FS_INSTALL *</a> and <a href="#_pgxntool_enable_pgxn_install">PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_PGXN_INSTALL *</a> for "existing mode"/pg_tle-style testing, where the extension (and/or pgtap) was deployed some other way and a filesystem install would defeat the point of the test.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_test_build"><a class="anchor" href="#_test_build"></a><a class="link" href="#_test_build">4.4. test-build</a></h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Validates that extension SQL files are syntactically correct before running the full test suite. This feature runs SQL files from <code>test/build/</code> through <code>pg_regress</code>, providing better error messages than <code>CREATE EXTENSION</code> failures when there are syntax errors in your extension code.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>How it works:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Place SQL files in <code>test/build/*.sql</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Place expected output in <code>test/build/expected/*.out</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>These files run through <code>pg_regress</code> before <code>make test</code> runs the main test suite</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If any build test fails, <code>make test</code> stops immediately — the main suite (test/install + test/sql) never runs, since its results would be meaningless against a broken build</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
This also means a stale or simply wrong <code>test/build/expected/*.out</code> — not just a genuinely broken build — blocks the whole suite. See <a href="#_results_build">results-build</a> below for the supported way to refresh it, including how to handle a file that’s <strong>supposed</strong> to show an error.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Directory structure:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>test/build/
├── *.sql # SQL test files (checked in)
├── expected/ # Expected output files (checked in)
│ └── *.out
└── sql/ # GENERATED - do not edit or check in
└── *.sql # Synced from *.sql above</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>sql/</code> subdirectory is generated automatically by <code>make test-build</code>. It is listed in <code>.gitignore</code> and removed by <code>make clean</code>. Do not place files directly in <code>test/build/sql/</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Configuration:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The feature auto-detects based on whether <code>test/build/*.sql</code> files exist:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Files present → feature enabled automatically</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>No files → feature disabled (no impact on existing projects)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can override auto-detection by setting <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_BUILD</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre># In your Makefile
PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_BUILD = yes # or no</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Example: Validate extension SQL compiles</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Create <code>test/build/build.sql</code> to run your extension’s SQL directly:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>\set ECHO none
-- Sets ON_ERROR_STOP, VERBOSITY verbose, and ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\i test/pgxntool/psql.sql
-- Suppress column headers and row counts for cleaner expected output
\t
BEGIN;
SET client_min_messages = WARNING;
-- Install dependencies your extension requires
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgtap CASCADE;
-- Clean slate
DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS myext;
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS myext;
CREATE SCHEMA myext;
-- Run the actual extension SQL (not CREATE EXTENSION)
-- psql.sql above ensures errors abort immediately with clear messages
\i sql/myext.sql
-- If we get here, the build succeeded; ON_ERROR_STOP would have aborted on any error above
\echo # BUILD TEST SUCCEEDED
ROLLBACK;</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This approach catches SQL syntax errors <strong>before</strong> running <code>CREATE EXTENSION</code>, giving clearer error messages with line numbers. The <code>ROLLBACK</code> ensures nothing persists—this is purely validation.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Why use <code>\i</code> instead of <code>CREATE EXTENSION</code>?</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When <code>CREATE EXTENSION</code> fails, PostgreSQL shows only "syntax error" with limited context. Running the SQL directly via <code>\i</code> shows the exact line and position of errors, making debugging much faster.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_results_build"><a class="anchor" href="#_results_build"></a><a class="link" href="#_results_build">4.4.1. results-build</a></h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Refreshes <code>test/build/expected/*.out</code> from the actual output of the last <code>test-build</code> run, mirroring <a href="#_results">results</a> for the main suite:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>make results-build</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>results-build</code> will <strong>not</strong> bless a file whose actual output contains an <code>ERROR:</code> line — accepting an errored build as the new expected baseline would defeat the point of test-build. It skips that file (leaving its existing expected output in place), tells you exactly which file and the command to bless it with, and exits non-zero so the skip can’t go unnoticed.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If your project intentionally exercises a build-time error (e.g. asserting a migration fails the way it should), bless that file by hand instead — this is a deliberate, supported case, not a workaround, and you’ll need to repeat it by hand every time that file’s output legitimately changes, since <code>results-build</code> will always skip it:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>cp test/build/results/<name>.out test/build/expected/<name>.out</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_testinstall"><a class="anchor" href="#_testinstall"></a><a class="link" href="#_testinstall">4.5. test/install</a></h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Runs setup files before the main test suite within the same <code>pg_regress</code> invocation. This allows expensive one-time operations (like extension installation) to set up state that persists into the regular test files.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>How it works:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Place SQL files in <code>test/install/*.sql</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A schedule file is auto-generated that lists install files with <code>../install/</code> relative paths</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>pg_regress</code> processes the install schedule first, then runs regular test files — all in one invocation, so database state persists</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Directory structure:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>test/install/
├── *.sql # SQL setup files (checked in)
├── *.out # GENERATED, gitignored -- see WARNING below
└── schedule # GENERATED, gitignored - auto-created by make</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>schedule</code> file is generated automatically and listed in the top-level <code>.gitignore</code> that <code>setup.sh</code> installs. Do not edit it. <code>*.out</code> is gitignored too, for the reason explained below — don’t commit it.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Ordering:</strong> Install files run in plain byte-value (ASCII) order of their filenames, guaranteed regardless of filesystem or locale. If one install file depends on another having already run, encode that dependency in the filenames themselves (e.g. <code>01_roles.sql</code> before <code>02_extension.sql</code>).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Configuration:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The feature auto-detects based on whether <code>test/install/*.sql</code> files exist:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Files present → feature enabled automatically</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>No files → feature disabled (no impact on existing projects)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can override auto-detection by setting <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_INSTALL</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre># In your Makefile
PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_INSTALL = yes # or no</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Why this is useful:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Without <code>test/install</code>, each test file typically needs to run <code>CREATE EXTENSION</code> in its setup, which adds overhead and doesn’t allow validating the installation step separately. With <code>test/install</code>, setup runs once before all tests, and any state it creates (tables, extensions, etc.) is available to every subsequent test file.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Key detail:</strong> Install files and regular tests run in a single <code>pg_regress</code> invocation. This means the database is NOT dropped between install and test phases — state created by install files persists into the main test suite.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Warning</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<strong><code>test/install/*.out</code> is never actually compared against anything.</strong> Unlike every other test type pgxntool supports, the <code>test/install</code> directory’s actual output is written to the exact same file as its expected output, so there is no diff — a wrong or changed result will never fail the build, no matter how much it changes. The <strong>only</strong> thing that still fails the build is a hard SQL error, and only if the file sets <code>ON_ERROR_STOP</code> (directly, or via <code>\i test/pgxntool/psql.sql</code>) — without it, psql prints the error, keeps going, and the file "passes" regardless. pgxntool enforces this by default (<code>_check-test-install-error-stop</code>, see <code>PGXNTOOL_ENABLE_TEST_INSTALL_ERROR_STOP_CHECK</code> to disable), but that only guarantees errors are caught — it does not give you real output validation. If you need actual output comparison, put that logic in <code>test/sql</code> instead (or use pgTap assertions from within the install file itself).
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_update_upgrade_uu_testing"><a class="anchor" href="#_update_upgrade_uu_testing"></a><a class="link" href="#_update_upgrade_uu_testing">4.5.1. Update & Upgrade (U&U) Testing</a></h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Beyond validating a plain install, it’s worth testing that your extension behaves correctly across the two transitions every extension with more than one release eventually goes through:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Update</strong>: <code>ALTER EXTENSION ext UPDATE</code>, moving to a newer extension version on the same PostgreSQL version.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Upgrade</strong>: <code>pg_upgrade</code>, moving to a newer PostgreSQL major version while carrying the extension’s on-disk catalog state along with it.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Both catch bugs that a simple "did the script run without error" check misses — wrong mappings, missing `REVOKE`s, objects that drifted from the base SQL, or catalog state that doesn’t survive a binary upgrade cleanly. This isn’t a niche concern that only applies if your extension does something unusual (adds enum types, custom operators, etc.) — it applies to any extension that will ever be updated or upgraded in place, which in practice is every extension.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>test/install</code> is the recommended place to build this, because its "load once, committed, before the suite" mechanic (described above) is exactly what update/upgrade testing needs.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>The pattern</strong>: load the extension exactly once, committed, from a <code>test/install/*.sql</code> file, in one of several modes selected by a custom backend setting that your <code>Makefile</code> sets via <code>PGOPTIONS</code> (e.g. <code>-c myext.test_load_mode=$(TEST_LOAD_SOURCE)</code>) and that <code>test/install</code> reads with <code>current_setting('myext.test_load_mode')</code>:</p>
</div>
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<p><strong>fresh</strong>: <code>CREATE EXTENSION ext;</code></p>
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<p><strong>update</strong>: <code>CREATE EXTENSION ext VERSION 'oldest_supported';</code> then <code>ALTER EXTENSION ext UPDATE;</code> (to the current <code>default_version</code>, or an explicit intermediate version)</p>
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<p><strong>existing</strong>: the extension is already installed — by a real <code>pg_upgrade</code>, or an update performed outside the suite — and <code>test/install</code> only asserts it’s present at the expected version, without dropping or touching it</p>
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<p>The <strong>same</strong> <code>test/sql/<strong></code> suite and the *same</strong> <code>test/expected/<strong></code> output then run unchanged against every mode. Identical expected output passing in *update</strong> mode <strong>is</strong> the update-equivalence assertion — if the updated database behaves any differently than a fresh install, some test will diff. Running that same suite in <strong>existing</strong> mode against a database that just went through a real <code>pg_upgrade</code> gives you upgrade testing using the same test files, no separate suite required.</p>
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<p>If you adopt this pattern, <code>test/deps.sql</code> should no longer run <code>CREATE EXTENSION</code> itself for the per-test setup — the committed install performed by <code>test/install</code> persists into every (rolled-back) test file, exactly as described above.</p>
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<p><strong>Why the install step must be committed, not run per-test in <code>test/deps.sql</code>:</strong> every <code>test/sql/</code> file runs inside <code>BEGIN; …​ ROLLBACK;</code> — a pgxntool convention (<code>test/pgxntool/setup.sql</code> opens the transaction; since it’s never committed, it rolls back when the session ends). Running the update inside that transaction means the suite never actually exercises a <strong>committed</strong> update — which doesn’t match production, where <code>ALTER EXTENSION UPDATE</code> commits before anything else touches the database, and it hides bugs that only show up once the update is durably committed. (Modifying an <code>enum</code> is one example of how this can turn into an outright failure rather than just a hidden bug — but it’s just an example; the reason to commit first holds regardless of what the update script does.)</p>
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<p>As a bonus, sharing one committed install across every test file also removes the per-test re-install cost.</p>
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This pattern isn’t (yet) native to pgxntool — you wire up the mode selection and <code>PGOPTIONS</code> plumbing yourself in <code>test/install</code> and your <code>Makefile</code>. First-class support (a standard mode-switching toggle, and scaffolding for real <code>pg_upgrade</code> testing) is planned; see <a href="https://github.com/Postgres-Extensions/pgxntool/issues/42">issue #42</a>.
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<p><strong>Working examples</strong> (specific files, not full PRs — both extensions' histories include plenty of unrelated changes):</p>
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